| 高分子 Vol.66 No.3 |
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特集 機能性高分子としてのDNA
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| DNA折り紙 DNA Origami |
森井 孝 Takashi MORII |
| ＜要旨＞ DNAの相補的な二本鎖形成を利用したDNA折り紙によって、意のままの形状の二次元構造、さらには複雑な立体構造のナノ構造体が作製できる。それに加えて、DNA折り紙で構築したナノ構造体には、特定の場所にナノメートルの精度でさまざまな分子を一つずつ配置できる。このような特徴をもったDNAナノ構造体の魅力を探る。 Keywords: DNA Origami / Nanomaterials / DNA Nanotechnology / Proteins / DNA Binding Proteins / Tag-Proteins |
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| ナノ粒子上のDNAブラシ層が示す特異な性質 Unique Properties of DNA Brush Layers Formed on the Nanoparticles Surface |
金山直樹・前田瑞夫 Naoki KANAYAMA, Mizuo MAEDA |
| ＜要旨＞ 固体表面に片末端を固定されたDNA鎖が二次元的に集積して形成される界面を、DNAブラシ層と呼ぶ。本稿では、ナノ粒子表面に形成されたDNAブラシ層にフォーカスし、溶液中のフリーな状態のDNA鎖とは異なるユニークな特性について、筆者らの研究成果を交えながら紹介したい。 Keywords: DNA / Brush Layer / Nanoparticle / Melting Transition / Enzymatic Susceptibiity / Cellular Uptake / Dispersion Behavior / Surface Force |
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| 非二重らせん核酸の機能 ポスト・ワトソン・クリックの時代 Functions of Nucleic Acids with Non-canonical Structures : New Era of Post Watson-Crick Double Helix |
杉本直己 Naoki SUGIMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ 「核酸といえば二重らせん」という常識が大きく変わろうとしている。遺伝情報をもつ二重らせん構造以外に、機能を有する非二重らせん構造が続々と見いだされ、さらに非二重らせん構造を活用して、遺伝子の機能を制御する手法も開発されつつある。本稿では、非二重らせん核酸の役割と応用展開について、最近の成果を紹介する。 Keywords: Nucleic Acids / Molecular Crowding / Non-Watson-Crick Double Helix / Gene Expression / Bionanomaterial / New Drug |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| ssDNA-PEG-Lipid Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide |
岩田博夫 Hiroo IWATA |
| ＜要旨＞ Single-stranded oligonucleotide-conjugated lipids (ssDNA-PEG-lipids) are composed of three parts with different functions. ssDNA has an adhesive capability via sequence-specific hybridization to complementary oligonucleotides. The other end lipid has nonspecifically anchoring capability into a lipid bilayer through the hydrophobic interaction. The middle PEG part give the conjugates water solubility and functions as a spacer between ssDNA and lipid. Such artificial tethers permit surface patterning of cells, controlled formation of cellular aggregates or immobilization of various molecules and nanoparticles on cells. In this topic, we briefly review interactions of the conjugates with cells, and their biomedical applications in cell arrays, cell therapies, tissue engineering. Keywords: Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide / Hybridization / Lipid / Hydrophobic Interaction / Adhesion / Patterning |
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| プラスミドDNAの折りたたみを操る Control of pDNA Packaging and Utility as Gene Delivery System |
長田健介 Kensuke OSADA |
| ＜要旨＞ Condensation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) was investigated using PEG-polycation block copolymer. pDNA was condensed into a rod-shaped structure within the spontaneously formed polyplex micelles, which obeyed a specific folding mechanism named “quantized folding scheme”. The folding number of pDNA, which alternatively meant the rod-length, was principally regulated by steric repulsive effect of PEG shell and inherent rigidity of DNA strands. The rod-shaped polyplex micelles exhibited potential functions as a systemic gene delivery system, presenting significant therapeutic outcomes in the mice model of pancreatic tumor. Besides the exploitation of such therapeutic potency, the condensation process of pDNA was investigated to pursue the principle of the DNA condensation. Eventually, precise modulation of interactive potency between pDNA and block copolymer process led to formation of either rod-shape, globule-shape and toroid-shape selectively, demonstrating controlled pDNA packaging. Keywords: DNA Condensation / Polymeric Micelles / Block Copolymer / Gene Delivery System |
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| デオキシリボ核酸（DNA）固体膜の力学物性 Physical Properties of a Solid Film of Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
松野寿生・田中敬二 Hisao MATSUNO, Keiji TANAKA |
| ＜要旨＞ Promoting green innovation is an urgent priority. Effective utilization of natural resources excluding fossil fuels is one of the efforts that will contribute to the resolution of this issue. Here, we show that solid-state films made from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be used as a structural material. The great advantage of the DNA films over the ones made from synthetic polymers is that the mechanical properties are controllable, from glassy to rubbery, via semi-crystalline by simply regulating the water content in the film. In addition, the thermal molecular motion of the DNA film was examined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Four absorption peaks and one shoulder of the loss modulus were observed in the temperature domain from approximately 150 to 490 K. In order of increasing temperature, they were assigned to a BI to BII conformational transition, a relatively large-scale movement associated with water molecules, water evaporation, thermal denaturation of DNA, and a glass transition. Keywords: Green Material / Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) / Solid Film / Mechanical Property / Viscoelastic Property / Thermal Molecular Motion |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 音楽と研究者 A Researcher after a Musician |
中島 祐 Tasuku NAKAJIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ Nordic classical music, which is the author’s interest, has affected his life as a researcher. As he was fascinated with “nordic” music, he aimed to enter Hokkaido University located in the “northernmost” prefecture of Japan. At that place he met amazing gel science, and has been continuing gel research ever since. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 細胞接着を制御するバイオマテリアル Biomaterial Properties Regulate Cell Adhesion |
東 倫之・高井まどか Tomoyuki AZUMA, Madoka TAKAI |
| ＜要旨＞ Biomaterials, which are used for the medical devices, should be biocompatible. Therefore, many researchers have enthusiastically evaluated the interaction between biomaterials and living system. The interaction between biomaterials and cells are not so clear, whereas that between biomaterials and proteins are rather revealed. Cells are much more complex than proteins and many parameters should be considered. The representative parameters, which could have some effects on the interaction between biomaterials and cells, are the surface chemistry, the surface topography and the mechanical property of biomaterials. Especially, the mechanical property have been recently focused on since that affects the stem cell lineage. Controlling cell lineage by the mechanical property will lead to the regenerative medicine. In this review, these three parameters are focused on to outline the interaction between biomaterials and cells. Keywords: Cell Adhesion / Surface Chemistry / Topography / Mechanical Property |
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