| 高分子 Vol.62 No.8 |
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特集 環境浄化材料
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 環境浄化のために新材料は必要か？ Do We Need New Materials for Environmental Remediation? |
一ノ瀬 泉 Izumi ICHINOSE |
| ＜要旨＞ 高分子は、水処理膜やフィルター、吸着剤、凝集剤などの分離機能材料として、地球環境保全に幅広く貢献している。しかし、汚染されてしまった環境を再生することは容易ではない。本稿では、今後の資源開発に関連した環境問題に対応するために、高分子をベースとした材料研究の在り方について、耐久性やリサイクル性の観点から展望したい。 Keywords: Separation Membrane / Produced Water / Diamond-Like Carbon / Adsorbent |
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| 環境汚染の認識と改善に寄与する高分子多孔体の開発 Development of New Macro-Porous Polymers Contributing to Assessment and Improvement of Environmental Pollutions |
細矢 憲 Ken HOSOYA |
| ＜要旨＞ 環境浄化、とくに水環境における有害物質の捕捉・分離・除去には、さまざまな形で高分子多孔体が用いられてきた。ここでは、筆者らのグループなどが取り組んできた、環境浄化にも応用できる有機高分子がもつ本質的利点と実用展開の可能性の探索について、とくに親水性有機微量成分の捕捉に効果を発揮する新しい概念、実用的方法を中心として展望したい。 Keywords: Macro-porous Polymer / Monolith / Environmental Pollutant / Pre-treatment / Solid Phase Extraction / HPLC / MIP / Anti-Bacterial Action |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| イオン交換樹脂、キレート樹脂によるCs（ I ）およびSr （II）含有水の処理 Removal of Cs(I) and Sr(II) by Ion Exchange Resins and Chelate Resins |
矢野 勝彦 Katsuhiko YANO |
| ＜要旨＞Selective removal of Cs(I) and Sr(II) from waste water is needed in Fukushima Nuclear Power Station. We have estimated various types of ion exchange resins and chelate resins. Sulfonic-acid type cation-exchange resins and iminodiacetic-acid type chelate resins are effective for Cs(I) and Sr(II) adsorption from waste water. These adsorbents are based on aromatic copolymers, but resistant to some level of γ-ray irradiation. They show that ion exchange resins and chelate resins are available for Cs(I) and Sr(II) removal from waste water. Keywords: Ion Exchange / Chelate / Cs / Sr / Removal |
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| ナノ粒子を用いた水中の放射性セシウムの吸着除去 Radioactive Cs-Decontamination from Aquaus Waste by Nanoparticles |
川本 徹 Tohru KAWAMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ Since 2011, the radioactive Cs-decontamination from the environment is the serious problem in Japan. Prussian blue (PB), one of the famous coordination polymers, is the well-known good adsorbent for Cs-ion. We have drastically improved the Cs-adsorption performance of PB by the control of its nanostructure and fabrication of the composite with other materials. These new adsorbent will contribute the decontamination around the Fukushima prefecture. Keywords: Prussian Blue / Radioactive Cs / Waste / Decontamination / Nanoparticles |
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| 高分子を用いた放射性セシウムの除去 Removal of Radioactive Cesium by Polymer |
三村 均 Hitoshi MIMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Large amounts of high-activity-level water accumulated in the reactor, turbine building and the trench in the facility that were generated from the nuclear accident of Fukushima NPP-1 caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. This contaminated water resulted in operation obstacles and environmental contamination. At present, the cold shutdown is completed by the circulating injection cooling system, while large amounts of high-activity-level water, over 260,000 m3, are stored in Fukushima NPP-1. In order to develop high selective adsorbents towards radioactive cesium, functional polymers can be used for the immobilization of selective fine adsorbents. By using the alginate gel polymer enclosing insoluble ferrocyanides and heteropolyacids, complete removal of radioactive Cs can be accomplished from seawater. Non woven Zeolite was also effective for the selective removal of radioactive cesium in the field of soil decontamination. Functional polymers are thus useful for the decontamination of radioactive cesium and environmental remediation. Keywords: High-Activity-Level Water / Radioactive Cesium / Functional Polymer / Immobilization / Alginate Gel Polymer / Zeolite Non Woven / Decontamination |
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| 繊維状捕集材を活用した環境浄化への取り組み Development of Fibrous Grafted Adsorbents for Environmental Remediation |
瀬古 典明 Noriaki SEKO |
| ＜要旨＞ Water contamination with toxic metals causes serious human health problems. Environmental functional materials can contribute to environmental conservation such as removal of toxic metal. These functions were introduced into the artificial polymers by radiation graft polymerization. Graft polymerization can change the conventional polymer to act as metal adsorbents, which realizes rapid adsorption and easy handling. The synthesized fibrous adsorbents were used in a field test to achieve removing of dissolved radioactive cesium in Fukushima Pref., which was conducted successfully. Furthermore, a water purifier for cesium removal has been developed and is expected to be applied soon. Keywords: Environment Purification and Preservation / Radiation Graft Polymerization / Toxic Metals / Radioactive Cesium |
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| 省エネに貢献可能な新フッ素樹脂ろ材の開発 Development of Energy Saving Fluororesin Media |
新沼 仁・渋谷 吉之・包 理 Hitoshi NIINUMA, Yoshiyuki SHIBUYA, Li BAO |
| ＜要旨＞ We developed new fluororesin media with large pore size and thickness. It has high efficiency, low pressure-drop and long service-life which is similar to that of fiberglass media mainly used as HEPA filter media. The new HEPA filter with fluororesin media has lower pressure-drop than the fiberglass filter and a longer service-life than the conventional PTFE filter. Therefore it is possible to reduce the energy consumption at the operating stage of HEPA filters and we can provide an energy saving product that is reducing CO2 emission. Keywords: Air Filter / Fiberglass Media / Fluororesin Media / Low Pressure Drop / Long Service Life / Energy Saving |
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| 活性炭素繊維の放射性ヨウ素除去特性とその応用 Removal Characteristic of Activated Carbon Fiber for Radioactive Iodine |
井上 誠 Makoto INOUE |
| ＜要旨＞ An activated carbon fiber (ACF) is fibrous activated carbon which has many micro pores in the surface, and shows the characteristic outstanding as adsorbent. Especially the activated carbon fiber containing 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane (DABCO) shows the removal performance which was excellent under high humidity to the radioactive methyl iodide, and is used as a filter for the local ventilation of a nuclear power plant. Keywords: Activated Carbon Fiber / Radioactive Iodine / DABCO / Filer / Local Ventilation / Nuclear Power Plant |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 放浪しながら Roaming... |
久保 祥一 Shoichi KUBO |
| ＜要旨＞ Roaming various research laboratories gave me many acquaintances and a wide variety of research topics. Now I'm going to put my available materials together in order to create functional nano materials based on amazing polymers. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 刺激応答性高分子によるがん特異的DDS Cancer-Specific DDS Using Stimuli-Responsive Polymers |
片山 佳樹 Yoshiki KATAYAMA |
＜要旨＞ Cancer chemotherapy has a serious difficulty with its poor cell specificity. DDS using nano-medicine consisting of polymer materials will be one of the most promising strategies to address this issue. Almost all cancer nano-medicines uses enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) based on extravasation of huge molecules in tumor neovasculature. As an additional effect, cancer specific ligand-receptor interaction is also available to enhance the binding ability of nano-medicine to cancer cells. Although these strategies realize significant drug accumulation in tumors compared with small drug administration, greater amount of nano-medicine may still be distributed to other non-target organs. In this context, Stimuli-responsive polymers have been applied to enhance the contrast of drug concentration between tumor and normal cells. In this review, recent progress of cancer DDS materials using a stimuli-responsive strategy is reviewed. Future directions for ideal cancer nano-medicine is also considered. |
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