| 高分子 Vol.64 No.10 |
| >> Japanese | >> English |
特集 自己組織化の進展：現象論からテクノロジーへ
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| Breaking the Symmetry – Assembly and Applications of Anisotropic and Janus Structures | Bat-El PINCHASIK, Helmuth MÖHWALD, and Andre SKIRTACH |
| ＜要旨＞ In this mini-review, assembly of anisotropic and Janus particles are described together with their diversified applications. Various classes of anisotropic and Janus particles are considered: liposomes and vesicles, polymeric capsules and particles, whose modification can be divided into: a) self-assembly, b) self-organization, wherein self-assembly is accompanied by means of externally applied fields, and c) modification by means of externally applied sources. Self-propulsion and self-motion are some of the most notable examples of the use of such structures, whereas a number of applications in biomedicine, surface cleaning, switches are also described. |
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| パターンダイナミックスの新たな流れ Recent Topics in Pattern Formation Theory |
西浦 廉政 Yasumasa NISHIURA |
| ＜要旨＞ パターンダイナミックスの最近の話題をアモルファス材料と自己生成パルスダイナミックスの二つを例にとり紹介する。前者は結晶でもランダムでもない不定形な形態について、計算トポロジー、とくにパーシステント図を用いた特徴付けを、後者はそれを生み出す生成機構を解の大域探索とそれを力学系的観点から縮約した組織中心の観点から説明する。 Keywords: Pattern Formation / Bifurcation / Dynamical System Theory / Applied Analysis |
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| 自己組織化を利用した表面修飾による無機－有機ハイブリッド Inorganic-Organic Hybrids by Surface Modification Based on Self-Assembled Monolayers |
井戸田 直和・菅原 義之 Naokazu IDOTA, Yoshiyuki SUGAHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ 無機－有機ハイブリッド材料において、各成分を繋ぎ合わせる界面の設計は重要な要素であり、分子レベルで精密制御された表面修飾が有効な手段となる。ここでは、自己組織化を利用したアルコール交換型反応や有機ホスホン酸修飾の技術とともに、それらを活用した無機－有機ハイブリッド材料の応用について紹介する。 Keywords: Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials / Surface Modification / Alcolol-Exchange Reaction / Organophosphonic Acid / Layered Materials / Nanoparticles |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| ブロックコポリマーの自己組織化 Self-Assembly of Blockcopolymer |
竹中 幹人 Mikihito TAKENAKA |
| ＜要旨＞ Blockcopolymers form long-range ordered periodical structure in the order of 10 nm to 100 nm in their ordered state. Non-equiribrium structure Ordered Bicontinuous Double Diamond (OBDD) was obtained in triblocktercopolymer with solvent cast process, where two step phase separation including dissordered state to cylinder structure, and cylinder structure to OBDD. Two step phase separation processes during solvent cast processes in triblocktercopolymer provide a new way to control of their morphologies. Directed self-assembly (DSA) combines top-down conventional lithographic technology with bottom-up self-assembly. DSA can correct point defects in the resist pattern formed by top-down method and attain the density multiplication of the template patterns. DSA can be applicable in semiconductor logic systems. Keywords: Blockcopolymer / Directed Self-Assembly / Solvent Cast Process / Chemical Registration / Bottom-up Process / Top-down Process / Density Multiplication |
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| 自己組織化により形成される微粒子のナノ構造 Nanostructures Formed in Polymer Particles by Self-Organization |
藪 浩 Hiroshi YABU |
| ＜要旨＞ Phase separation in polymer blends and block copolymers in confined spaces has received great interest since novel types of phase separation structures, which are different from those in bulk state, are formed. Polymer blend and block copolymer particles were prepared by originally developed “Self ORganized Precipitation (SORP)” method, and their phase separation structures were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Janus, core-shell, lamellae and other unique phase separation structures were formed by changing the combination of polymers, size of particles, and other parameters. Functionalization of nanostructured polymer particles with inorganic and metal nanoparticles were also performed. When negatively charged gold nanoparticles were attached to positively charged amino-terminated polybutadiene and polystyrene core-shell particles, gold nanoparticles formed densely packed arrays on their shells, and show strong enhancement of surface enhanced Raman scattering signals. These functionalized and nanostructured composite particles allow accessing a novel class of nanomaterials. Keywords: Self-Organization / Phase Separation / Block Copolymers / Polymer Blends / Polymer Particles / Confinement |
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| 光重合性脂質を用いたパターン化モデル生体膜の創製 Patterned Model Membrane Based on a Polymerized Lipid Bilayer |
森垣 憲一 Kenichi MORIGAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ Association of membrane-bound molecules to lipid micro-domains (lipid rafts) is believed to play critical roles in the biological membrane, but its roles remain elusive due to their complex and dynamic nature. We developed a micropatterned model biological membrane that could control the distribution of membrane-bound lipid and protein molecules with pre-defined geometries. The model system was composed of polymeric and fluid phospholipid bilayers supported on a glass substrate. By lithographically modulating the densities of polymeric bilayer domains, liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) bilayer phases in the fluid bilayer preferentially accumulated in the polymer-free region and partially polymerized region, respectively. We observed that membrane-bound proteins were sorted between the membrane regions according to their affinities to lipid phases. We evaluated the affinities of membrane-bound molecules to lipid rafts by measuring their distributions in the micropatterned membrane. Quantitative evaluation of the interactions between membrane proteins and lipid rafts should help to elucidate the functional roles of micro-domains in the biological membranes. Keywords: Biological Membrane / Lipid Bilayer / Polymerized Bilayer / Photo-Lithography / Supported Membrane / Membrane Protein / Rhodopsin / Lipid Raft |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 自分の材料を追い求めて In Pursuit of My Original Materials |
望月 慎一 Shinichi MOCHIZUKI |
| ＜要旨＞ Most researchers in the field of biomaterials have developed their original materials and applied them for uses in medicine, industry and environment. It is important for me to develop my original materials. I always get new ideas through collaboration with medical doctors and researchers in companies. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 細胞表面の改変技術 Surface Engineering for Cell-Mediated Therapy |
岩﨑 泰彦 Yasuhiko IWASAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ The cell surface can be considered as among the most sophisticated materials generated in nature because of its biocompatibility and molecular recognition. The cell surface engineering with synthetic molecules will provide robust materials having bioactivities governed by cell surface molecules. In this review, recent studies on surface engineering of living mammalian cells are summarized. The engineering processes are categorized into three classes: chemical, physical and biological. According to the cell surface engineering, cell functions such as adhesion, migration, tissue homing, and cell-cell interactions can be controlled. They may be useful for cell-mediated therapies. Furthermore, the novel strategy for making polymeric biomaterials bearing glycoproteins, which may work as targeting ligands for inflammation tissue is also introduced. Keywords: Surface Modification / Cell-Mediated Therapy / Glycoprotein / Drug Delivery System |
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