| 高分子 Vol.68 No.7 |
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特集 無機成分による高分子への彩り
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 粘土と有機高分子による機能膜「クレースト®」の創製 Development of Clay-Organic Polymer Gas Barrier Film “Claist®” |
蛯名 武雄 Takeo EBINA |
| ＜要旨＞ 有機高分子に粘土ナノフィラーを添加したガスバリアフィルムが開発されている。粘土ナノフィラーは種々のものがあり、用途や有機高分子の種類によって使い分けすることが重要である。筆者らは、粘土の添加量を高めたガスバリアフィルム「クレースト®」の開発と実用化研究を実施している。ここでは最近の関連研究を紹介するとともに、今後の展開を俯瞰したい。 Keywords: Clay / Gas Barrier / Water Vapor Barrier / Nanocomposite |
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| 無機元素ブロックの機能模索を通じた新奇共役系高分子材料の創製 Creation of Novel Conjugated Polymer Based on Functional Inorganic Element-Blocks |
権 正行・田中 一生・中條 善樹 Masayuki GON, Kazuo TANAKA, Yoshiki CHUJO |
| ＜要旨＞ 共役系高分子の基本骨格は炭素原子によって構成される。ここに、炭素以外のいわゆる「無機元素」を組み込むことで、共役系高分子の性質を自在に変化させることが可能となる。筆者らは、無機元素を利用した特異な機能性を示す最小単位を「元素ブロック」と称し、従来の分子設計では達成困難な物性を示す共役系高分子材料の開発を行ってきた。本稿では、無機元素を含む共役系高分子の最近の研究例について概説する。 Keywords: Conjugated Polymer / Element-Block / Inorganic Element / Boron / Photoluminescence / Sensor |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 無機ナノシート液晶によるゲルの機能化 Functionalization of Polymer Gels with Liquid Crystalline Inorganic Nanosheets |
宮元 展義 Nobuyoshi MIYAMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ In this article, recent works on liquid crystalline (LC) nanosheets/polymer composite gels are briefly reviewed. Inorganic nanosheets obtained by exfoliation of layered crystals have various functions and they form intriguing liquid crystal (LC) phases. The LC nanosheets are immobilized in polymer gels by various techniques with controlled macroscopic orientation. Furthermore, cationic functional molecules are eaisly immobilized on the nanosheets embedded in the gel sheets, resulting in functions such as photothermally-induced anormalous deformation of the gel. Anisotropic diffusion of molecules in the LC nanosheet/polymer composite gel is also highlighted as another important aspect. Keywords: Inorganic Nanosheets / Liquid Crystal / Polymer Gel / Nanocomposite Gel / BZ-Reaction / Anisotropy / Gel Actuator |
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| モルフォロジーが制御されたカルシウム塩結晶による高分子機能化 Functionalization of Polymers with Morphologically Controlled Calcium Carbonate or Calcium Phosphate |
梶山 智司 Satoshi KAJIYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ Interactions with organic polymers highly affect crystallization of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, which are well known as the inorganic components of biominerals, e.g. nacre of sea shell, bone and teeth. Crystallization control on surfaces of organic polymers are important for the development of hierarchically ordered organic/inorganic compoites. This paper shows examples of hierarchically ordered composites composed of calcium carbonate or calcium phophate. Crystallization control techniques enabled construction of similar composite structures, for example assemblies of spherulitic thin films and liquid-crystalline nanorods, in both cases of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Improvement and optimaization of crystallization techniques would lead to the development of functional organic/inorganic composites which consist of inorganic components that cannot be found in nature, as well as understanding of formation mehcanism of biominerals in nature. Keywords: Calcium Caronbate / Calcium Phosphate / Organic / Inorganic Hybrids / Polymer Template / Biomineralization |
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| シルセスキオキサンの構造制御に関する最新研究動向 Recent Developments on Structural Control of Silsesquioxanes |
金子 芳郎 Yoshiro KANEKO |
| ＜要旨＞ This article describes the recent developments in silsesquioxane focusing on fundamental structural control research. Soluble ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes were prepared by hydrolytic polycondensation of trifunctional organoalkoxysilanes containing functional groups convertible to ionic substituents during the reaction. Furthermore, a soluble polysilsesquioxane containing a macrocyclic structure in the side chains was also prepared. Meanwhile, it was found that there was a correlation between POSS size (octamer and decamer) and the kinds of reaction solvents. Recently, POSSs with controlled disposition of heterogeneous substituents have been developed. Keywords: Silsesquioxane / POSS / Organoalkoxysilane / Hydrolytic Condensation / Sol-Gel Reaction / Structural Control |
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| 多孔性有機結晶の空間を活用した光エネルギー変換材料の創製 Creation of Light Conversion Materials by Porous Organic Crystals |
小野 利和 Toshikazu ONO |
| ＜要旨＞ Three-, four-, and five-component host/guest crystals with multi-color and white light emission are described. The strategy is based on the confinement of aromatic molecules (guest) in supramolecular hosts. The supramolecular hosts (NDI-TPFB) were composed of naphthalene diimide derivative (NDI) with two tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) linked by boron-nitrogen bonds as Lewis acid-base pairs, which spontaneously formed upon mixing the components. The crystals showed guest-dependent color-tunable emissions such as deep blue-to-orange when a benzene moiety is replaced with other π-conjugated systems. Notably, flexible color tuning, including white light emission, was realized by tuning the guest ratio and the combinations. These results suggests that a rational solution of multicomponent crystals could be potentially useful for obtaining novel photofunctional solid-state systems. Keywords: Multicomponent Crystals / Charge-Transfer Interactions / Boron-Nitrogen Bonds / Solid-State Emission / Fluorescence / Supramolecular Chemistry / Crystal Engineering |
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| エアロゾルデポジション法による高分子表面セラミックコーティグ Ceramic Coating on Polymer Surface by Aerosol Deposition Method |
福田 猛・明渡 純 Takeshi FUKUDA, Jun AKEDO |
| ＜要旨＞ Aerosol Deposition (AD) method is one of the forming inorganic layer method using Room Temperature Impact Consolidation (RTIC). The ceramic layer is formed by ceramic particles accelerated by gas flow up impacted onto a substrate at room temperature. However, the polymer material is softer than the inorganic material, and it is difficult to form the ceramic coating layer due to the etching of the polymer material. We have found that the ceramic coating layer by the AD method can be formed by using the substrate as a specific organic-inorganic hybrid material or by using a specific organic-inorganic hybrid layer on the substrate as an anchor layer. We confirmed that the obtained coating sample was excellent in abrasion resistance, abrasion resistance and heat resistance. Keywords: Aerosol Deposition Method / Ceramic Coating / Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Material Silsesquioxane / Thiol-Ene Reaction |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 高分子の「匠」になる Becoming an “Expert” of Synthetic Polymer Chemistry |
田中 亮 Ryo TANAKA |
| ＜要旨＞ The author was involved in synthetic chemistry, in a broad sense, over decades. The molecular weight of the target molecules in his research history covers everything from 2 to 6 digits, from C1 molecule to polymers. Here, the author introduces the transition of his thoughts along the research topic changes. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 自己組織化による高分子微粒子の構造制御 Structural Control of Polymer Particles by Self-Organization |
藪 浩 Hiroshi YABU |
| ＜要旨＞ In this review, structural control of polymer microparticles based on the phase separation of polymer blends and block copolymers is discussed. Polymer blended particles show Janus and core-shell type phase separation due to the macroscale phase separation of blended polymers. On the other hand, microphase separated structures are found in block copolymer particles. Alignment of microphase separated structures of block copolymers in the particles changed by relationship of dispersion media and polymers. Futhermore, three-dimensional confinement effects on phase separated structures are found in small size particles. These particles can be used as platforms for assembling functional nanomaterials and applied to various practical applications. Keywords: Polymer Particles / Phase Sepration / Self-Organization / Polymer Blends / Block Copolymers |
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