| 高分子 Vol.73 No.4 |
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特集 多糖：reborn
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 1細胞糖鎖解析 Single-Cell Glycan Analysis |
舘野 浩章 Hiroaki TATENO |
| ＜要旨＞ 複雑な細胞集団を解明するために1細胞ごとのオミクス情報を取得する技術の開発が急速に進展している。しかし糖鎖は核酸のように増幅することができないため、1細胞ごとの情報を取得することが難しかった。本稿では筆者らが最近世界に先駆けて開発に成功した1細胞糖鎖解析技術を中心として紹介し、今後の1細胞糖鎖解析の展望について議論したい。 Keywords: Single-Cell / Glycan / Glycome / Lectin / Next-Generation Sequencing / Glycomics / Multiomics |
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| 高性能多糖類複合材料の創製と生分解性材料開発への展開 Development of High-Performance Polysaccharide Composite Materials and Biodegradable Materials |
徐 于懿・菅原 章秀・宇山 浩 Yu-I HSU, Akihide SUGAWARA, Hiroshi UYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ 汎用プラスチックは日常生活には不可欠であるが、焼却にともなう地球温暖化ガスや廃棄にともなう海洋プラスチックごみなどが環境問題の一因となっている。本展望では、汎用プラスチックの代替として自然界にきわめて豊富に存在し安価である多糖類に着目し、デンプン、セルロースを用いた高性能多孔質材料や海洋生分解性プラスチックの創製について紹介する。 Keywords: Polysaccharides / Starch / Cellulose / Monolith / Gel / Biobased Plastic / Marine Biodegradable |
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| 糖鎖を集積した高分子による機能材料の展開 Functional Materials with Glycopolymers |
三浦 佳子・長尾 匡憲 Yoshiko MIURA, Masanori NAGAO |
| ＜要旨＞ 糖を高分子の側鎖に結合させた高分子、糖鎖高分子は、糖をベースにし、合成高分子と融合した構造をもち、精密重合などの高分子化学の技術を用いて調製可能である。この高分子は水溶性、両親媒性などの物理化学的な性質を発揮し、なおかつ糖鎖が集積した構造に基づく生体分子認識能を有する。糖鎖高分子の概要と近年の研究について紹介する。 Keywords: Glycopolymer / Water Soluble Polymer / Amphiphicity / Self-Assembly / Controlled Polymerization / Molecular Recognition / Biobased Polymer Nanomedicine / Biosensor |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| バイオマスプロダクトツリーからのセルロース高機能材料の創出 Daicel Develops New Biomass Product Trees |
新井 隆 Takashi ARAI |
| ＜要旨＞ This presentation will introduce the new biomass product tree that Daicel is working toward. We are currently developing technology to dissolve biomass and will explain its topics. Keywords: Biomass Product / Cellulose / Precious Metal Adsorbent / Molecular Cellulose Assembly |
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| 多糖の折り畳みを利用した分子組織化 Molecular Assemblies by Folding of Polysaccharides |
西村 智貴 Tomoki NISHIMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Polysaccharides are recognized as the third major biopolymer class, following nucleic acids and proteins. They play indispensable roles in organisms, specifically in energy storage, structural mechanisms, and molecular recognition. Many polysaccharides exhibit their unique functionalities without the need to adopt higher-order structures such as helices or sheets. This distinct characteristic prompts a question: Can we artificially fold these polysaccharides to introduce novel functions? This potential has seen surprisingly little research attention. Addressing this situation, We designed amphiphilic graft polymers with polysaccharides as the hydrophilic chain and hydrophobic polymers as the side chains. Our primary objective was to manipulate the self-assembly and folding of these polysaccharides. This led to the successful development of polymers that not only showcase controlled molecular assemblies but also possess an inherent memory of their self-assembled structure. Keywords: Polysaccharide / Graft Copolymer / Molecular Assembly / Folding |
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| ナノセルロース表面を活かす材料科学 Materials Science for Utilizing Surface Properties of Nanocelluloses |
横田 慎吾 Shingo YOKOTA |
| ＜要旨＞ Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by aqueous counter collision (ACC-CNFs) have amphiphilic properties. This paper describes the function of ACC-CNFs for forming and stabilizing Pickering emulsions. Oil-in-water Pickering emulsions with long-term stabilities were easily prepared by mixing aqueous ACC-CNF dispersions with non-polar solvents. Stable Pickering emulsions were obtained because the emulsification abilities of the ACC-CNF were significantly higher than those of cellulose nanofibrils prepared by high-pressure homogenization or other chemical preparation methods. The stability of the Pickering emulsions was sensitive to the solvent properties such as permittivity, density and viscosity. Furthermore, this paper shows the control of the surface properties of ACC-CNFs by facile acetylation or selective surface modification at the oil/water interfaces of a Pickering emulsion. Keywords: Cellulose Nanofibrils / Amphiphilicity / Surface/Interface / Pickering Emulsion / Chemical Modification |
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| キチンのアシル化による熱可塑性材料の開発 Thermoplastic Materials by Acylation of Chitin |
門川 淳一 Jun-ichi KADOKAWA |
| ＜要旨＞ The author recently found that mixed chitin esters, chitin benzoate stearates, exhibited thermoplasticity. Efficient acylation methods of chitin using acyl chlorides in ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been established to obtain chitin ester derivatives with high degrees of substitutions. The methods were further extended to obtain mixed chitin esters having plural acyl substituents. Accordingly, the above chitin benzoate stearates were synthesized by the acylation of chitin using benzoyl and stearoyl chlorides in the presence of pyridine and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine in an IL, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. Powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the products suggested that the benzoyl/stearoyl substituent ratios affected the crystalline structures of the chitin main-chains and stearoyl side-chains. Introduction of a small ratio of benzoyl groups to stearoyl groups contributed to enabling stearoyl side-chains to form controlled parallel arrays and disrupting the intrinsic chitin crystals. The products exhibited melting points, derived from regular stearoyl packings, and formed melt-pressed films, indicating their thermoplasticity. Keywords: Acylation / Chitin Benzoate Stearate / Ionic Liquid / Melt-Pressed Film / Mixed Chitin Ester / Thermoplasticity |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| タイパ病との葛藤 Struggle with Time Performance Syndrome |
松本 篤 Atsushi MATSUMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ Time performance syndrome is an expression I created to express the mental condition of people who get obsessive about time-effectiveness. In this column, I will introduce my academic life connected to the aspect of “time performance syndrome”. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 高分子と無機ナノ結晶：光重合によるナノ結晶のパターニング Polymers and Inorganic Nanocrystals: Patterning Nanocrystals using Photopolymerization |
中西 英行 Hideyuki NAKANISHI |
| ＜要旨＞ Recent advances in colloid synthesis have led to the generation of a wide variety of metal and semiconductor nanocrystals with desired sizes, shapes, and compositions. These nanocrystals exhibit unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. Furthermore, nanocrystals also have the practical advantage of being easily extended to other materials using dispersion methods based on inexpensive low-temperature techniques. Due to these favorable features, nanocrystals have been intensively studied, and efforts have been made to mix them with polymers in order to develop superior properties and functions. Patterning is particularly necessary for the effective use of luminescent or conductive nanocrystals, and conventional techniques such as photolithography and inkjet printing have been applied for nanocrystal patterning. We have been studying materials related to polymers and inorganic nanocrystals, and in the process, have recently developed new types of patterning techniques. In this review, we focus on perovskite quantum dots, which are emerging nanocrystals with superior properties, and introduce our patterning method. Keywords: Photocuring / Polymerization / Trommsdorff-Norrish Effect / Nanocrystals / Perovskite Quantum Dots / Patterning / Inorganic Materials / Polymer Films |
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