高分子　Vol.58　No.7

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特集　自己組織化と高分子材料

グローイングポリマー　Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account

マイナスをプラスへ Make Negative a Positive

藤井　秀司 Syuji FUJII

＜要旨＞Researchers often encounter unexpected phenomena. If the researchers observe the phenomena carefully from different points of view, think deeply and act positively, it should be possible to open doors to exciting new discoveries.

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展望　COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews

自己組織化による超分子・分子マシンの構築 Construction of Supramolecular Structures and Molecular Machines Based on Self-Organization

原田　明・山口　浩靖 Akira HARADA and Hiroyasu YAMAGUCHI

＜要旨＞As recently reported, self-organization of molecules leads to the formation of various types of supramolecular architectures. Now we suceeded in synthesizing rotaxanes bearing a ring component on an axial molecule with a dumbbell shape and supramolecular polymers in high yield. We review recent studies and describe a new perspective on the construction of supramolecular assemblies and molecular machines by self-organization. Keywords: Self-Organization / Supramolecular Structure / Rotaxane / Molecular Machine

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Dissipative Structures in Polymeric System

Olaf　KARTHAUS

＜要旨＞Self-organization is the process of forming dynamic superstructures from more basic units. Self-organized structures may arise from dissipative structures, which are not in thermodynamic equilibrium and thus dissipate energy. This makes these structures inherently difficult to control, but on the other hand, allows the formation of complex structures from very simple starting conditions without external guidance. Here, I will review the basic concepts of dissipative structures and give some examples of how this bottom-up approach can be used to produce microstructured assemblies. Keywords: Energy Dissipation / Convection / Dewetting / Patterning / Photonics / Electronics

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高分子混合系における光誘起相分離と自己秩序化現象 Light-Induced Self-Ordering Phenomena in Polymer Mixtures

中西　英行・宮田　貴章 Hideyuki NAKANISHI and Qui TRAN-CONG-MIYATA

＜要旨＞Regular structures resulting from the competition between antagonistic interactions in polymeric systems were obtained by coupling phase separation with photo-cross-link reactions and photopolymerization. Here, spatially graded morphology and morphologies with an arbitrary distribution of length scales were shown as the two examples for the structures resulting from the competing interactions in polymer mixtures. Keywords: Interpenetrating Polymer Networks / Photo-cross-link Reaction / Photopolymerization, Competing Interactions, Stationary Nonequilibrium Process / Self Ordering / Graded Co-continuous Structure / Computer-Assisted Irradiation Method

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自己組織化高分子のターゲティングへの応用 Applications of Self-Assembling Polymers to Drug Targeting

横山　昌幸 Masayuki YOKOYAMA

＜要旨＞In this review, applications of self-assembling polymeric materials to drug targeting systems are explained with a focus on polymeric micelle drug carriers. The definition and methodologies of drug targeting are briefly summarized, then examples of self-assembling polymeric drug carrier systems are introduced. Keywords: Drug Targeting / Polymeric Micelle / Self-Assembling Polymer / DDS

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自己組織化ゲル：時空間機能をもつ四次元マテリアルとしての高分子ゲル Self-Organizing Gels: Polymer Gels as 4-Dimensional Materials with Spatio-Temporal Function

吉田　亮 Ryo YOSHIDA

＜要旨＞The design of novel functional gels with spatio-temporal structures and their applications has been introduced in a diverse range of research on materials design utilizing self-organization. We propose a new concept of materials design to create unique functions by construction of not only self-assembly based on molecular design but also dissipative structure based on systematic design in gels. Keywords: Self-Organization / Dissipative Structure / Spatio-Temporal Structure / Polymer Gels / Self-Oscillation

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トピックス　COVER STORY: Topics and Products

光重合反応にともなう自発的微細構造形成 Periodic Microstructure Formation Induced in Photopolymerization using Parallel Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

服部　俊明 Toshiaki HATTORI

＜要旨＞Periodic microstructure formation occurs spontaneously when polymerization is initialized by parallel UV light irradiation. The microstructure is thought to be dissipative structure. Keywords: Self-Organization / Photopolymerization / Parallel UV Light

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水中自己組織化能を有する新規ポリオレフィン材料 Novel Polyolefin Materials Possessing Self-Organization Ability in Water

鈴木　誠・的石　かおり Makoto SUZUKI and Kaori MATOISHI

＜要旨＞Well-defined hydrophilic polyolefin materials have been newly developed. These polymer materials disperse in water and form worm-like fibers and nano-particles through self-organization. Keywords: Water Dispersion / Nanoparticle / Polyolefin / Self-Organization

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ブロックポリマーの自己組織化によるナノリソグラフィーと電子材料への応用 Nanolithography using Self-Assembling Method and Application to Electronic Devices

浅川　鋼児 Koji ASAKAWA

＜要旨＞The performance of electronic devices has greatly improved accompanied by the smaller feature sizes of their parts. Block copolymer lithography can fabricate smaller patterns compared to the conventional photolithography because it forms nano-scale periodic patterns and can be transferred to substrates. Several kinds of devices are about to be realized. Keywords: Block Copolymer / Self Assembling / Lithography / Resist

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自己集合性ペプチドナノファイバーハイドロゲル Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Hydrogel

横井　秀典・木下　隆利 Hidenori YOKOI and Takatoshi KINOSHITA

＜要旨＞Self-assembling peptides RASDA16-1 (RASARADARASARADA) and RASDA16-2 (RASARADARADARASA) formed a nanofiber scaffold and a transparent hydrogel, respectively, under neutral conditions. Keywords: Self-Assembly / Peptide/β-Sheet / Nanofiber / Hydrogel

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ブロック共重合体系エネルギー関連デバイス Energy-Related Devices Fabricated with Block Copolymers

錦谷　禎範 Yoshinori NISHIKITANI

＜要旨＞Our research focuses on the development of energy-related devices such as batteries, capacitors and organic solar cells by using block copolymer, which is one of our specialties. We have developed gel-type polymer solid electrolytes consisting of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) block copolymers for dye-sensitized solar cells. We have successfully proposed the donor/acceptor-type block copolymers for bulk heterojunction organic thin-film solar cells. Keywords: Energy-Related Device / Block Copolymer / Organic Solar Cell / Polymer Solid Electrolyte / Donor / Acceptor-Type Block Copolymer

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高分子科学最近の進歩　Front-Line Polymer Science

ソフトインターフェース―高分子界面の新しい機能― Soft Interface: Novel Functions of Polymer Interface

藤田　雅弘・前田　瑞夫 Masahiro FUJITA and Mizuo MAEDA

＜要旨＞An interface composed of soft matters such as a polymer is mobile, diffuse, and active. Such soft interfaces contain water molecules, ions, and substrates. Well-defined surfaces with densely grafted polymer brushes and colloidal nanoparticles with such brushes show peculiar interesting properties, which are applicable for biomaterials and biosensors. Properties and functions of the soft interfaces are discussed especially on nonionic and anionic polymers. Keywords: Soft Interface / Polymer Brush / Polyelectrolyte / PEG / DNA

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