POLYMERS Vol.58　No.7 July 2009
POLYMERS　Vol.58　No.7
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COVER STORY
Self-Organization and Polymeric Materials
Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account
Make Negative a Positive Syuji FUJII
<Abstract>Researchers often encounter unexpected phenomena. If the researchers observe the phenomena carefully from different points of view, think deeply and act positively, it should be possible to open doors to exciting new discoveries.
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COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews
Construction of Supramolecular Structures and Molecular Machines Based on
Self-Organization		 Akira HARADA and
Hiroyasu YAMAGUCHI
<Abstract>As recently reported, self-organization of molecules leads to the formation of various types of supramolecular architectures. Now we suceeded in synthesizing rotaxanes bearing a ring component on an axial molecule with a dumbbell shape and supramolecular polymers in high yield. We review recent studies and describe a new perspective on the construction of supramolecular assemblies and molecular machines by self-organization.
Keywords: Self-Organization / Supramolecular Structure / Rotaxane / Molecular Machine
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Dissipative Structures in Polymeric System Olaf　KARTHAUS
<Abstract>Self-organization is the process of forming dynamic superstructures from more basic units. Self-organized structures may arise from dissipative structures, which are not in thermodynamic equilibrium and thus dissipate energy. This makes these structures inherently difficult to control, but on the other hand, allows the formation of complex structures from very simple starting conditions without external guidance. Here, I will review the basic concepts of dissipative structures and give some examples of how this bottom-up approach can be used to produce microstructured assemblies.
Keywords: Energy Dissipation / Convection / Dewetting / Patterning / Photonics / Electronics
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Light-Induced Self-Ordering Phenomena in Polymer Mixtures Hideyuki NAKANISHI and
Qui TRAN-CONG-MIYATA
<Abstract>Regular structures resulting from the competition between antagonistic interactions in polymeric systems were obtained by coupling phase separation with photo-cross-link reactions and photopolymerization. Here, spatially graded morphology and morphologies with an arbitrary distribution of length scales were shown as the two examples for the structures resulting from the competing interactions in polymer mixtures.
Keywords: Interpenetrating Polymer Networks / Photo-cross-link Reaction / Photopolymerization, Competing Interactions, Stationary Nonequilibrium Process / Self Ordering / Graded Co-continuous Structure / Computer-Assisted Irradiation Method
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Applications of Self-Assembling Polymers to Drug Targeting Masayuki YOKOYAMA
<Abstract>In this review, applications of self-assembling polymeric materials to drug targeting systems are explained with a focus on polymeric micelle drug carriers. The definition and methodologies of drug targeting are briefly summarized, then examples of self-assembling polymeric drug carrier systems are introduced.
Keywords: Drug Targeting / Polymeric Micelle / Self-Assembling Polymer / DDS
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Self-Organizing Gels: Polymer Gels as 4-Dimensional Materials with Spatio-Temporal Function Ryo YOSHIDA
<Abstract>The design of novel functional gels with spatio-temporal structures and their applications has been introduced in a diverse range of research on materials design utilizing self-organization. We propose a new concept of materials design to create unique functions by construction of not only self-assembly based on molecular design but also dissipative structure based on systematic design in gels.
Keywords: Self-Organization / Dissipative Structure / Spatio-Temporal Structure / Polymer Gels / Self-Oscillation
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COVER STORY: Topics and Products
Periodic Microstructure Formation Induced in Photopolymerization using Parallel Ultraviolet Light Irradiation Toshiaki HATTORI
<Abstract>Periodic microstructure formation occurs spontaneously when polymerization is initialized by parallel UV light irradiation. The microstructure is thought to be dissipative structure.
Keywords: Self-Organization / Photopolymerization / Parallel UV Light
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Novel Polyolefin Materials Possessing Self-Organization Ability in Water Makoto SUZUKI and Kaori MATOISHI
<Abstract>Well-defined hydrophilic polyolefin materials have been newly developed. These polymer materials disperse in water and form worm-like fibers and nano-particles through self-organization.
Keywords: Water Dispersion / Nanoparticle / Polyolefin / Self-Organization
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Nanolithography using Self-Assembling Method and Application to Electronic Devices Koji ASAKAWA
<Abstract>The performance of electronic devices has greatly improved accompanied by the smaller feature sizes of their parts. Block copolymer lithography can fabricate smaller patterns compared to the conventional photolithography because it forms nano-scale periodic patterns and can be transferred to substrates. Several kinds of devices are about to be realized.
Keywords: Block Copolymer / Self Assembling / Lithography / Resist
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Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Hydrogel Hidenori YOKOI and Takatoshi KINOSHITA
<Abstract> Self-assembling peptides RASDA16-1 (RASARADARASARADA) and RASDA16-2 (RASARADARADARASA) formed a nanofiber scaffold and a transparent hydrogel, respectively, under neutral conditions.
Keywords: Self-Assembly / Peptide/ β-Sheet / Nanofiber / Hydrogel
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Energy-Related Devices Fabricated with Block Copolymers Yoshinori NISHIKITANI
<Abstract>Our research focuses on the development of energy-related devices such as batteries, capacitors and organic solar cells by using block copolymer, which is one of our specialties. We have developed gel-type polymer solid electrolytes consisting of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) block copolymers for dye-sensitized solar cells. We have successfully proposed the donor/acceptor-type block copolymers for bulk heterojunction organic thin-film solar cells.
Keywords: Energy-Related Device / Block Copolymer / Organic Solar Cell / Polymer Solid Electrolyte / Donor / Acceptor-Type Block Copolymer
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Front-Line Polymer Science
Soft Interface: Novel Functions of Polymer Interface Masahiro FUJITA and Mizuo MAEDA
<Abstract>An interface composed of soft matters such as a polymer is mobile, diffuse, and active. Such soft interfaces contain water molecules, ions, and substrates. Well-defined surfaces with densely grafted polymer brushes and colloidal nanoparticles with such brushes show peculiar interesting properties, which are applicable for biomaterials and biosensors. Properties and functions of the soft interfaces are discussed especially on nonionic and anionic polymers.
Keywords: Soft Interface / Polymer Brush / Polyelectrolyte / PEG / DNA
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