高分子　Vol.58　No.10

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特集　量子ビームが照らす高分子

グローイングポリマー　Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account

見えないものを観る，診る，看る Analytical Techniques of Invisible Phenomena

上口　憲陽 Kazuhiro KAMIGUCHI

＜要旨＞For the purpose of exploring one of the guiding principles for materials R&D, the author has been studying polymer properties and analytical chemistry by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

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研究をとおして広がる世界 My World Expanded through Research Life

菅原　彩絵 Ayae SUGAWARA

＜要旨＞It had always been my dream to be a scientist. After I went into research life, I started to realize that it is a privilege and also a responsibility of scientists to be involved in this society through the scientific point of view.

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展望　COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews

高分子における先端的放射光利用研究 Current and Future Trends in Synchrotron Radiation Experiments on Polymers

八木　直人 Naoto YAGI

＜要旨＞放射光を用いた先端的な実験手法の中から，高分子科学にも利用可能なものを紹介する。第三世代放射光が利用可能となってから，従来からある散乱・回折測定の高度化だけではなく，X線光子相関法やさまざまなイメージング手法のような新たな概念の計測法が脚光を浴びるようになってきた。 Keywords: Synchrotron Radiation / X-ray / Ultra-Small-Angle Scattering / X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy / Polymer Science

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量子ビームが照らす高分子 ―高分子科学における中性子利用　原子炉と加速器― Neutron Scattering for Polymer Science at Reactor and Spallation Sources

小泉　智 Satoshi KOIZUMI

＜要旨＞中性子は多様な自由度（無電荷，質量，スピン，磁気モーメントなど）をもつ量子ビームである。これを踏まえて大強度陽子加速器（J-PARC）と原子炉（JRR-3）が得意とする中性子散乱法を解説する。両施設を併用すれば原子レベルのミクロスケールからマクロスケールまで網羅する階層構造に着目した新しい高分子科学が期待できる。 Keywords: Small-Angle Neutron Scattering / Spallation Source / Research Reactor / Time of Flight Method / Neutron Spin Echo / Neutron Reflectometry

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高分子における高強度陽電子ビーム利用研究の現状と展望 Advanced Polymer Research using High-Intensity Positron Beam

鈴木　良一 Ryoichi SUZUKI

＜要旨＞陽電子は，高分子の物性を左右する原子〜ナノスケールの空隙を評価できるプローブ粒子である。加速器や原子炉利用の高強度低速陽電子ビームにより，従来の実験室レベルの装置では難しかった表面近傍・薄膜・局所領域の高速測定が可能になってきた。本報告では，高強度低速陽電子ビーム技術の現状と高分子研究への応用について展望する。 Keywords: Positron / Lifetime Measurement / Accelerator / Polymer Research

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トピックス　COVER STORY: Topics and Products

高分子材料の高次構造形成過程の追跡 In-situ Observation of Structure Formation in Polymer Processing

村瀬　浩貴 Hiroki MURASE

＜要旨＞In-situ X-ray scattering in polymer processing is a crucial method to elucidate the mechanism of structure formation in the process. Fiber spinning is one such process primarily imposing extensional deformation on polymeric melt at the spinline during rapid cooling. In-situ small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation on the spinning process allows direct observation of the transient structure developing in the process. Keywords: Synchrotron Radiation / Small-Angle X-ray Scattering / Fiber Spinning / Crystallization

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時分割GI-SAXSを用いたブロック共重合体の自己組織化過程の構造評価 Structural Analysis of Block Copolymer in Self-Assembling Process using Time-Resolved GI-SAXS

岡田　一幸 Kazuyuki OKADA

＜要旨＞The Self-Assembling method is one of the important technologies for nanofabrication. We performed the structural analysis of block copolymer in a self-assembling process using Time-Resolved GI-SAXS. Keywords: Time-Resolved GI-SAXS / Block Copolymer / Self-Assembling

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イメージングによる高分子複合材料の形態観察 Morphology Observation of Polymer Composites with X-Ray Imaging Techniques

岸本浩通 Hiroyuki KISHIMOTO

＜要旨＞X-ray imaging with synchrotron radiation is a useful technique for the observing of microscopic structures in soft materials. We carried out the real-time observation of contact behavior between the icy road and studless tire containing glass fibers by the use of refraction-contrast imaging technique. Additionally the determination of three-dimensional structure of filler in rubber was performed by imaging X-ray tomography coupled with phase-contrast techniques. Keywords: Refraction-Contrast imaging / Imaging CT / Phase Contrast CT / Rubber / Soft Material

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SANSによる高分子ゲルの架橋構造解析 Structural Analysis of Polymer Gel Network by SANS

原口　和敏 Kazutoshi HARAGUCHI

＜要旨＞We analyzed the structure of nanocomposite gels with a unique organic (polymer)/inorganic (clay) network in both its static and deformed states by small angel neutron scattering (SANS) using the contrast variation method. Keywords: SANS / Nanocomposite / Hydrogel / Network

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中性子散乱によるポリオレフィン構造解析 Polyolefin Structure Analyses by Neutron Scattering

野末　佳伸・桜井　孝至 Yoshinobu NOZUE and Takashi SAKURAI

＜要旨＞Molecular chain information such as interaction between polymers and chain response to the flow field is essential for the molecular design of polymer with better properties. In this topic, neutron scattering applications to the miscibility evaluation of polyolefins and to the molecular analysis of shish-kebab structure are shown. Keywords: Neutron Scattering / Miscibility / Shish-Kebab

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高分子材料の薄膜界面解析 Analysis of Polymer thin Films and Interfaces

原田　雅史 Masashi HARADA

＜要旨＞Neutron reflectivity (NR) is a helpful tool for analyzing polymer thin films and interfaces. Swelling behavior of Nafion thin films and interdiffusion at bilayer interfaces, which are difficult to investigate by the other methods, have been studied. Accessibility to NR is growing as the number of NR instruments is increasing around the world. Keywords: Thin Films / Interfaces / Neutron Reflectivity / Nafion / Swelling / Bilayers / Interdiffusion

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陽電子消滅法による光学用高分子材料の空隙評価 Local Vacancies in Optical Modulation Polymers Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Measurements

島津　彰 Akira SHIMAZU

＜要旨＞The ability of a slow positron beam to probe vacancies at the surface and in bulk regions of optical modulation polymers was demonstrated. A slow positron beam system was found to be a powerful tool to study the change in the microstructure driven by photopolymerization of novel optical modulation polymers. Keywords: Positron Annihilation Lifetime (PAL) / Vacancy / Slow Positron Beam / Polyvinylmethacrylate / Photopolymerization / Free Volume / Refractive Index

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高分子科学最近の進歩　Front-Line Polymer Science

ナノゲル工学による新規ナノバイオ材料設計 Design of New Nanobiomaterials by Nanogel Engineering

佐々木善浩・秋吉一成 Yoshihiro SASAKI and Kazunari AKIYOSHI

＜要旨＞Nanosize hydrogels (nanogels) are polymer nanoparticles with three dimensional networks that are formed by chemically and/or physically cross-linking of polymer chains. Recently, various nanogels have been designed especially for biomedical applications. In this review, recent progresses in syntheses of nanogels and nanogel-based materials for applications to nanomedicine such as drug delivery system and bioimaging are described. Keywords: Nanogel / Hydrogel / Associating polymer / Amphiphilic polymers / Polysaccharide / Drug Delivery System / Biomedical Applications

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