| 高分子 Vol.61 No.4 |
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特集 グリーンポリマー －再生可能資源に基づく高分子－
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 二酸化炭素を用いたポリマー Polymers with Carbon Dioxide as a Monomer |
中野 幸司・野崎 京子 Koji NAKANO, Kyoko NOZAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ エポキシドと二酸化炭素との交互共重合による脂肪族ポリカルボナート合成は、二酸化炭素を有効利用する技術として注目されている。本稿では，均一系金属錯体に基づく高性能触媒の開発とそれらの触媒を用いたポリマーの構造および物性制御という観点から、最近の研究例を概説する。 Keywords: Epoxide / Carbon Dioxide / Copolymerization / Polycarbonate / Homogeneous Metal Catalyst |
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| 植物油脂を基盤とするバイオベース高分子材料 Bio-based Polymeric Materials Based on Plant Oils |
宇山 浩 Hiroshi UYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ 植物油脂を基盤とするバイオベースポリマーの最新の研究事例を紹介する。エポキシ化油脂を用いて高性能・高機能のネットワークポリマーが創製され、バイオフィラーなどの複合化技術により油脂ポリマーの物性が向上している。さらに、大豆油やヒマシ油を原料とするポリオールが開発され、ポリウレタンフォームやバイオプラスチック用可塑剤に応用されている。 Keywords: Plant Oil / Epoxidized Plant Oil / Coating / Polyol / Polyurethane |
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| 生分解性バイオポリエステルの新展開 New Developments of Biodegradable Biopolyesters |
岩田 忠久 Tadahisa IWATA |
| ＜要旨＞ 糖や植物油などのバイオマスから微生物により生合成され、環境中のほかの微生物が分泌する分解酵素によって生分解される微生物産生ポリエステルが、ポリ乳酸に続く生分解性バイオマスプラスチックとして注目されている。本稿では、微生物産生ポリエステルの基礎物性、生産事例、基礎および応用研究開発の動向および今後の展望について紹介する。 Keywords: Microbial Polyesters / Polyhydroxyalkanoate / Mechanical Properties / Strong Fibers / Enzymatic Degradation / Biocompatibility / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 耐熱性バイオプラスチックの開発 Development of High Melting Point Polylactide |
栗原 英資 Hideshi KURIHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ A
polylactide with higher melting point than the conventional polylactide
was developed. Its production depends on the formation of stable stereocomplex
crystals that are received in the melt processes. Moreover, both the
hydrolysis resistance and the crystallization speed in the molding process
are improved. These improvements lead us to develop durable goods with
the polylactide. Keywords: Polylactide / Stereocomplex Crystal / Melting Point / Hydrolysis Resistance / Crystallinity |
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| 電子機器用の高機能バイオプラスチックの開発－電子機器用の機能を実現するポリ乳酸系複合材とカルダノール付加セルロース系樹脂－ Development of Highly Function Bioplastics Used for Electronic Products: Polylactic Acid Compounds and Cardanol-Bonded Cellulose Resin Performing Functions for Electronic Products |
位地 正年 Masatoshi IJI |
| ＜要旨＞ To
use bioplastics in electronic equipments, we have developed advanced
polylactic acid (PLA) composites by using unique additives while fully
preserving high biomass-based component ratio and chemical safety. Furthermore,
a bioplastic composed of non-food plant resources with stable supply
was produced by bonding cellulose with cardanol, a primary component
of cashew nut shells. Keywords: Bioplastics / Polylactic Acid / Cellulose / Cardanol / Electronic Equipments |
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| 微生物産生生分解性プラスチックの実用化に向けて Development of Microbial Biodegradable Plastic |
三木 康弘 Yasuhiro MIKI |
| ＜要旨＞ KANEKA
Biopolymer AONILEX® is Poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-R-3-hydroxyhexanoate),
an entirely bio-based and biodegradable plastic produced by microorganism.
Its pilot-scale production has been started in May 2011 at a capacity
of 1,000 MT/y to develop innovative production technologies, new product
applications and experimental sales programs. Its unique properties and
possible applications are described. Keywords: Bio-Based / Biodegradable / Anaerobic / Aerobic / Compostable / Polyhydroxyalkanoate |
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| より持続可能な社会を実現するバイオ技術とバイオ1,3-プロパンジオール由来のポリマー Biotechnology for a More Sustainable Society and Polymers Based on Bio-1,3 Propanediol |
賀来 群雄 Mureo KAKU |
| ＜要旨＞ Considering
current mega-trends, we are facing big challenges. Bio-technology is
a vital tool to make our society more sustainable. 1,3-Propanediol (PDO)
is the first commercialized products from DuPont's advanced biotechnology.
Bio-based PDO can be used as monomer of various polymers. Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) derived from bio-PDO offering unique functions, is one of the most popular biopolymers used in textiles, carpets, molded parts and films. Keywords: Mega-trend / Sustainable / Bio-1,3-propanediol / Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) / Textile / Carpet / Injection Parts / Film |
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| ヒマシ油由来エンジニアリングプラスチックポリアミド11
を用いた新規材料開発と用途展開 Polyamide 11: New Material and Application Development of Castor Oil Based Engineering Plastic |
宮保 淳 Atsushi MIYABO |
| ＜要旨＞ Polyamide
11, one of the oldest bio-based polyamide using castor oil as raw material,
has been used for many applications such as automotive, electronics and
sports. Recent new material development based on C11 chemistry has been
creating new high added value market to replace conventional petroleum
based engineering plastics. Keywords: Polyamide 11 / Castor Oil / 11-Aminoundecanoic Acid / High Temperature Polyamide / Odd Number Polyamide / Polyamide Elastomer |
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| 植物由来原料を用いた透明エンプラ「デュラビオ®」の開発 Development of Transparent Engineering Plastics “DURABIO®” from Renewable Resources |
中田 道生・駒谷 隆志 Michio NAKATA, Takashi KOMAYA |
| ＜要旨＞ DURABIO®,
a transparent bio-based engineering plastic, developed by Mitsubishi
Chemical, is not only biomass-derived, but also possesses excellent optical
properties in combination with high UV resistance (no discoloration)
and puncture impact at levels higher than conventional transparent plastics.
In 2010, we started to deliver samples from our new pilot plant, and
will start commercial production and sales of DURABIO® in 2012. Keywords: Sustainability / Bio-based Plastic / Renewable Resources / Engineering Plastic / Durability / Isosorbide / Melt Polymerization |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 高分子への恋 My Love with Polymer |
大内 誠 Makoto OUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ In
this article, let me introduce how I have fallen in “love” with the polymer
world. I was assigned to Prof. Sawamoto's laboratory in Kyoto University
when I was in my undergraduate senior year. Thereafter, I
had been doing research on “stereospecific cationic polymerization with
designed Lewis acid catalysts” to learn how to grow well-defined polymers.
After getting my PhD degree, I joined Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. to work on the development of poly(lactic acid)-based automobile
resins. Through this project, I learned how to treat polymers as well
as the synthetic methodologies, and realized again the importance of
structural control over primary structures. My professional polymer life changed dramatically upon my former teacher's invitation to accept an academic position in his laboratory. One of my current projects here is “sequence control” of synthetic polymers. My love story with polymer will be far from over in the quest of the ideal structure. |
| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 反応速度論からみた動的結合による修復性高分子材料 Mendable Polymers with a Viewpoint of Reaction Kinetics |
吉江 尚子 Naoko YOSHIE |
| ＜要旨＞ Polymer
materials always suffer environmental stress and get damaged. Mendable
polymers are polymers having capability to repair cracks, scratches and
other damages based on dynamic bonds. Mendability offers extension of
working life and enhancement of safety performance of polymer materials.
Their mending, which is induced by the reversible formation of dynamic
bonds bridging the crack surfaces, requires two conditions of reaction
kinetics: thermodynamic stability of the dynamic bond and molecular mobility
of the free functional groups generated by the dissociation of the dynamic
bonds at the damaged surfaces. In this review, the mending process of
polymers is outlined from a viewpoint of these two conditions. Keywords: Self-Healing Polymers / Mendable Polymers / Molecular Mobility / Reaction Kinetics / Dynamic Bonds / Reversibility |
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| Copyright(C) 2012 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan All Rights Reserved. |