| 高分子 Vol.61 No.8 |
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特集 次世代医療を拓くナノ粒子の世界
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 高分子ミセルの内部構造と薬理効果 Internal Structures and Pharmacological Effects of Polymer Micelles |
秋葉 勇・横山 昌幸 Isamu AKIBA, Masayuki YOKOYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ 高分子ミセルは薬物送達システム（DDS）のキャリアーとして期待されており、いくつかの系が臨床試験に達している。DDSにおいて薬理効果を増強するために、キャリアーのサイズや内部の薬剤分布の制御が重要になる。本稿では、ポリエチレングリコール-b-ポリアミノ酸誘導体の高分子ミセルに注目し、サイズ制御や薬剤分布について概観する。 Keywords: Polymer Micelle / DDS / Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering |
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| バイオナノカプセル（ウイルス感染機構を備えたナノキャリア）を用いる生体内ピンポイントDDS の構築 Development of Bio-Nanocapsules (Nanocarriers Possessing Viral Infection Machinery) for in vivo Pinpoint DDS Carrier |
黒田 俊一 Shun'ichi KURODA |
| ＜要旨＞ 多くのウイルスは、直径50～100 nmのナノ構造体であり、細網内皮系を巧妙に回避して体内を循環し、標的臓器・細胞に特異的に吸着し侵入することから、天然のナノマシンといえる。われわれは、ナノキャリア開発はウイルスから学ぶべき点が多いと考えており、本稿ではヒト肝臓特異的なB型肝炎ウイルスを模したバイオナノカプセルについて概説する。 Keywords: Virus / Liposomes / Reticuloendothelial System / Stealth Activity / Targeting Activity / Cell-Penetrating Activity / Nanocarrier / Nanomedicine |
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| ウイルスとの細胞内動態定量化比較情報に基づく人工遺伝子送達用ナノ粒子の設計 Design of Artificial Gene Carrier Based on the Quantitative Comparison of Intracellular Trafficking with Adenovirus |
秋田 英万・原島 秀吉 Hidetaka AKITA, Hideyoshi HARASHIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ 遺伝子治療用ベクターの開発を考えるうえでは、効率的な核標的化（細胞内動態制御）がきわめて重要な課題である。一方、ウイルスとの細胞内動態比較により、分裂細胞を標的とする場合においては、核送達後の転写や翻訳過程も人工ベクターの大きな律速段階であることが明らかとなってきた。本稿では、細胞内動態制御法についてオーバービューするとともに、本情報に基づくベクターのデザインについて考察したい。 Keywords: Adenovirus / Artificial Vector / Gene Therapy / Intracellular Trafficking |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 金ナノ粒子の発熱効果を利用した治療技術 Therapeutic Technique Mediated by Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles |
新留 琢郎・新留 康郎 Takuro NIIDOME, Yasuro NIIDOME |
| ＜要旨＞ Gold
nanoparticles that have an absorption band at near infrared region have
attracted much attention. Since near infrared light can penetrate deeply
into tissues, they can be used not only as heating device for hyperthermia
but also as a control device of drug release from the gold surface. It
will be a powerful medical device in the next generation. Keywords: Gold Nanoparticle / Photothermal Effect / Infrared Light / Hyperthermia / Cancer Therapy / Drug Delivery |
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| カチオン化脂質TRXを用いた遺伝子導入 TRX, A Novel Cationic Lipid for Transfection having an Amidine Headgroup was Developed and Its SAXS Profiles Complexed with DNA |
小岩井 一倫・清水 一浩・磯崎 正史 Kazunori KOIWAI, Kazuhiro SHIMIZU, Masashi ISOZAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ Cationic
lipids are widely used for transfection of cultured cells, and are being
investigated for in vivo gene transfer vectors. With the objective of
developing new gene transfer vehicles, cationic amphiphiles have been
sythesized and used to formulate small unilamellar vesicles with co-lipids
(DOPE and DLPC). Amphiphatic compounds demonstrating an excellent performance
in transfection are conjugates of amidinobenzene linked through a ether
bond to alkyl substitutions (denoted by TRX). Figure 4 presents SAXS profiles when TRX with co-lipids was mixed with different density of PBS. At the low density of PBS, the SAXS profiles show no peak, and as the density of PBS was increased, the SAXS profiles show three distinctive peaks. The relation of these peaks satisfies the ratio of 1:√3:2, indicating presence of the hexagonally packed cylinders. It is clearly evident that DNA was packed between cylinder and cylinder in the TRX with co-lipids and DNA complex. Keywords: Cationic Lipids / TRX / Transfection / DNA / SAXS / Cylinder |
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| 温度応答性高分子ミセルを利用したインテリジェントDDS Thermoresponsive Polymeric Micelles for Intelligent DDS |
中山 正道・岡野 光夫 Masamichi NAKAYAMA, Teruo OKANO |
| ＜要旨＞ Nano-scale
polymeric micelles possessing thermoresponsive coronas are formed via
the multi-molecular assemblies of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based block
copolymers in aqueous media. Thermoresponsive micelles show the enhanced
release of incorporated drugs and internalization inside cells through
the temperature-induced phase transition of thermoresponsive coronas.
These unique functions are promising to be utilized for smart drug targeting. Keywords: Drug Delivery System / Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) / Thermoresponsive Polymer / Block Copolymer / Polymeric Micelle / Targeting |
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| 医療に用いるナノキャリア：ペプトソーム・ラクトソーム Nanocarriers for Clinical treatments: Peptsome and Lactosome |
木村 俊作 Shunsaku KIMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Nanocarriers
are expected to be applied for DDS as stealth carriers of signal agents,
clinical drugs, and targeting ligands. Nanocarriers therefore have to
be equipped with properties of escape from kidney excretion and liver
excretion, evasion from the immune system and the complement system,
and consequently prolonged in vivo blood clearance time. Peptosome and
lactosome, which are self-assemblies of helices, satisfy these requirements
by precise molecular design and are expected to be applied for translational
researches. Keywords: Nanocarriers / Peptosome / Lactosome / Imaging / DDS / Immune System / EPR Effect / ABC Phenomenon |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 高速光スイッチ分子の進展 Recent Advances in Fast Photoswitchable Molecules |
阿部 二朗 Jiro ABE |
| ＜要旨＞ Considerable
interest has been focused on organic photochromic materials that change
their color upon irradiation with light; the photogenerated species can
be reversed to the initial species either thermally or by subsequent
irradiation with a specific wavelength of light. In particular, thermally
reversible photochromic molecules offer the opportunity to change and
reset the molecular properties by simply turning a light source on and
off. In this review, the brief history of the field is reviewed, and
the key features characterizing fast photochromic molecules are described
with representative papers. Keywords: Photochromism / Molecular Switches / HABI / Bridged-Imidazole Dimer |
| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| おもしろくて役に立つ!? Interesting and Useful; Is Both Possible? |
杉安 和憲 Kazunori SUGIYASU |
| ＜要旨＞ When I started my own research projects, I decided to synthesize “interesting” molecules; however, since then, I have been wondering what molecules are “interesting” at all and how they can be “useful” as well. |
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| Copyright(C) 2012 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan All Rights Reserved. |