| 高分子 Vol.62 No.2 |
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特集 生体高分子を基盤とした無機マテリアル創製
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| バイオテンプレートを用いたナノマテリアル作製と応用展開 Fabrication and Application of Bio-Nanomaterial by Biotemplates |
岩堀 健治・山下 一郎 Kenji IWAHORI, Ichiro YAMASHITA |
| ＜要旨＞ 無機ナノマテリアルには多くの作製方法があり、現在も多くの方法が開発されている。本稿ではタンパク質テンプレートを用いた均一で精度良くナノマテリアルを作製するバイオテンプレート法とそれによって作製されたナノマテリアルの特徴や応用展開、展望について解説する。 Keywords: Nanomaterial / Nanoparticle / Ferritin / Nano-Devise / Bio-Template |
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| Biomimetic Materials Syntheis and Self-Assembly for Device Fabircations: What Have We Done and Where Do We Go with This Technology | Hiroshi MATSUI |
| ＜要旨＞ Peptides
and proteins are advantageous to develop complex and hybrid 3D assemblies
and materials due to their robust assembling nature, templating capability,
and molecular recognition. This review covers how the field of peptide-based
material sciences/engineering started, and continues to discuss the evolution
of technology from 2D to more complex 3D assemblies. Unique features
include the large scale assembly of nanomaterials in
precise location, periodicity, and interparticle distance, difficult
to accomplish by other technologies. Applications
of biomolecular assemblies can be expected in the fields of electronics,
photonics, solar cells, medical devices,
tissue engineering, and metamaterials. Keywords: Bionanotechnology / Peptides / Protiens / 3D Self-Assembly / Biomaterials / Biomimetics |
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| バイオミネラリゼーションにならう無機結晶の合成―分子制御による構造構築― Bioinspired Synthesis of Inorganic Crystals: Molecular Control of Crystal Growth |
今井 宏明・緒明 佑哉 Hiroaki IMAI, Yuya OAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ 無機固体と有機高分子の複合体であるバイオミネラルの形成過程（バイオミネラリゼーション）には多様な生体高分子が関与している。ここでは、バイオミネラルの基本構造を示すとともに、バイオミネラリゼーションを模倣した分子制御による無機結晶の構造形成について紹介する。 Keywords: Biomineral / Molecular Control / Crystal Growth / Organic Template / Soluble Molecule / Self-Organization |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| ナノ材を標的とする抗体によるナノ粒子接合 Nanointerface Molecules from Material-Binding Antibodies |
梅津 光央・服部 峰充・熊谷 泉 Mitsuo UMETSU, Takamitsu HATTORI, Izumi KUMAGAI |
| ＜要旨＞ Antibodies,
with their high affinity and specificity, are widely utilized in the
field of protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, and nanotechnology
applications, and our recent studies have demonstrated the recognition
and binding of antibodies to the surface of inorganic material. High
affinity material-binding antibody fragments are generated on the single
variable domain of the heavy chain of a heavy chain camel antibody (VHH)
by a combination of peptide-grafting and phage-display techniques and
they can be used for one-pot functionalization of nanoparticles as interface
molecules. Multivalent and bispecific antibodies which are constructed
on the material-binding VHH platform by means of fusion technology functionalized
inorganic nanoparticles
in one pot, and these functionalized nanoparticles can be used to obtain
surface plasmon resonance scattering
images of cancer cells and to spontaneously link two different nanomaterials.
Here, we propose the bispecific antibodies as convenient interface molecules
in nano-sized world. Keywords: Antibody / Nanoparticle / Evolution Technology / Interface Molecule / Assembly |
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| 珪藻類の殻形成に学ぶバイオシリカ作製技術の開発とその可能性 Technology for Bio-Silica Fabrications Inspired by Diatom Shell Formation: Development and Perspective |
松田 祐介 Yusuke MATSUDA |
| ＜要旨＞ Biomineralization
of silicate is commonly observed in nature. Lessons from diatom silica
shell (frustle) formation have indicated that, as one of the observed
natures of a frustle-forming factor, Silaffin, silica forming peptides
are strongly cationic. Our recent study demonstrated that basic amino
acids, lysine
and arginine, also mineralize silicate by themselves, although required
concentrations of these free amino acids were above 5 mM while cationic
peptides required for efficient silica formation were about 30 nM in
the presence of 0.1 M silicate, indicating efficiency of more than two
orders of magnitude higher compared to free amino acids. Amphipathic
α-helix peptide was obtained from a diatom pyrenoid forming carbonic
anhydrase, PtCA1, and basic amino acids were introduced to this helix
by gene engineering. Resulting cationized-diatom-pyrenoid-forming factor,
CDPF, revealed biosilica formation with high activity which is equivalent to that of diatom Silaffin. Our study
demonstrates a high potential to create silica-based materials using
peptides which are obtained from
natural resources or protein engineering. Keywords: Diatom / Biosilica / Cationic Peptide / Protamine |
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| ペプチド脂質が自発的に形成する金属錯体型有機ナノチューブ Metal-Complexed Organic Nanotubes Self-Assembled from Peptide Lipids |
小木曽 真樹・青柳 将 Masaki KOGISO, Masaru AOYAGI |
| ＜要旨＞ Organic
nanotubes (ONTs) are expected as a novel nano-container for versatile
functional materials. Peptide lipids comprising of a glycyl-glycine and
an alkyl chain self-assemble to form the organic nanotubes through unique
polyglycine-II type hydrogen-bond
networks. Metal-complexed organic nanotubes (M-ONTs) are unique ONTs
made of metal-complex of the peptide lipids. When an aqueous solution
of metal salt was added to a dispersion of the peptide lipids in alcohol,
M-ONTs were
produced immediately. We can obtain more than 100 g of dry M-ONTs using
1 L of water-alcohol mixture in a few hours. Metal ions exist both on
the inner- and outer surfaces and in-between bilayer membranes. These
M-ONTs are expected as novel metal or metal-organic hybrid nanomaterials
through metallization using organic layers as templates. Applications
as a catalyst were also investigated. Single bilayer Ni-ONT showed high
catalytic activities toward the oxidation of a variety of organic molecules. Keywords: Metal Complex / Organic Nanotube / Peptide / Self-Assembly / Catalyst |
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| 高分子テンプレートを用いる有機無機複合体の開発 Development of Organic/Inorganic Hybrids Based on Polymer Templates |
西村 達也 Tatsuya NISHIMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Biominerals
such as bones, teeth, the nacre of seashells, and the exoskeletons of
crustaceans are organic/inorganic hybrids with highly controlled hierarchical
structures. We have been inspired by the structure, properties and formation
processes of biominerals for the development of new functional hybrid
materials. We previously reported on the formation of thin films of inorganic
crystals based on this approach. The resulting hybrid materials consisting
of inorganic crystals and organic polymers exhibited a wide variety of
morphologies. Here we discuss our recent results for the development
of new inorganic/organic hybrid materials. Unidirectionally oriented
thin films and macroscopically oriented crystals have been obtained by
using functional polymer templates. Keywords: Biomineralization / Polymer Templates / Organic / Inorganic Hybrids / Recombinant Peptides / Calcium Carbonate |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| “だらぶち”からのグローイング!? Growing from “DA-RA-BU-CHI” |
遠藤 洋史 Hiroshi ENDO |
| ＜要旨＞ Was myself able to really growing from DA-RA-BU-CHI, which means a foolish person in Toyama prefecture? As for the research life through all my fortunes will be continued. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 何処へ向かうのか……交互積層膜 Layer-by-Layer Assembly, Where are You Going? |
有賀 克彦 Katsuhiko ARIGA |
＜要旨＞ Because
layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has especially wide versatility in materials
applicability and easiness of procedure, it has been rapidly developing
in both fundamental science and practical application. This assembling
method resulting in sequence controlled multilayers on a nanometer-scale
thickness has been applied to various nanomaterials including graphene
and mesoporous materials. For example, LbL assembly of graphene nanosheets
and ionic liquids provided a sensor system with superior affinities for
aromatic compounds through guest accommodation within the well-defined
π-electron-rich nanospace. Mesoporous silica capsules were integrated
into LbL structures for development of a novel mode of drug delivery,
stimuli-free automodulated delivery. Release of liquid materials from
capsules in the LbL films possesses a stepwise profile even though no
external stimulus was applied. Recent other research examples also
show high potentials of the LbL films
in biomedical applications and integration into device structures. Based
on these facts, I expect a bright future for the LbL technology. |
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| Copyright(C) 2012 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan All Rights Reserved. |