| 高分子 Vol.62 No.3 |
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特集 高分子マシンとその応用
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 自励振動高分子を用いたバイオミメティックマシンの創製 Biomimetic Machines Using Self-Oscillating Polymers |
吉田 亮 Ryo YOSHIDA |
| ＜要旨＞ 筆者らは、刺激応答ゲルとは異なり、心臓の拍動のように一定条件下で自発的に周期的リズム運動を行う新しい自励振動ゲルを開発した。TCA回路のモデルでもある化学振動反応（BZ反応）の化学エネルギーを高分子鎖の形態変化に変換して周期的な力学変化を生み出すことに成功した。高分子マシンとして新たな自律機能材料への展開が期待される。 Keywords: Polymer Gels / Autonomic Function / Oscillating Reaction / Self-Oscillation / Smart Materials / Biomimetic Machines |
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| 導電性高分子を用いたエネルギー変換マシン Energy Transducing Machines with Conductive Polymers |
奥崎 秀典 Hidenori OKUZAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ 高分子材料の体積変化を外部刺激でコントロールできれば、しなやかに動くロボットやソフトアクチュエータ、人工筋肉などへの応用が期待できる。中でも電気刺激は制御性に優れることから、さまざまなEAP（electro-active
polymer）アクチュエータが検討されている。本稿では、エネルギー変換マシンとしての導電性高分子アクチュエータについて解説する。 Keywords: Conductive Polymer / Actuator / Artificial Muscle / Electro-active Polymer / Polypyrrole / Doping / PEDOT/PSS / PolyMuscle |
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| DNA ナノ構造上を動くDNA
分子マシーン DNA Nanomachines that Move on the DNA Origami Structures |
遠藤 政幸・杉山 弘 Masayuki ENDO, Hiroshi SUGIYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ DNAは塩基配列による動的な分子集合の操作が可能であり、さまざまな運動を行う分子機械への応用も行われてきている。本稿では、DNA分子機械の概要と最近のDNAオリガミ構造体を用いた可動するDNA分子機械システムの構築とその操作および運動の解析について解説する。 Keywords: DNA Nanomachine / DNA Nanostructure / DNA Origami / Strand Displacement / Atomic Force Microscopy / DNA Motor / DNA Walker / DNA Spider |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| スライドリング・マテリアルを用いたアクチュエータの開発と義手への応用 Development of Actuator that Uses Slide Ring Material and Application to Artificial Arm |
竹内 宏充 Hiromitsu TAKEUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ Recently,
driving sources with excellent lightweight properties and silence are
requested. Therefore, a variety of polymer actuators is actively researched
and developed. Polymer dielectric actuators
show an excellent characteristic in the response and the energy efficiency
in these actuators. However, dielectric actuators have the problem requiring
high drive voltages. To overcome this fault, a novel polymeric material
(slide ring material) was adopted. Moreover, we made an artificial arm
that moved with a dielectric actuator. Keywords: Polymer Actuator / Artificial Muscle / Slide Ring Material / Artificial Arm |
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| 生体分子モーターのナノスケールでの運動制御とそのシステム化への取り組み Controlling the Moving Direction of Microtubules at Nanometer Scale Toward Realizing a Nanosystem |
横川 隆司 Ryuji YOKOKAWA |
| ＜要旨＞ Motor
proteins, such as kinesin or dynein, contribute to transport intracellular
materials in vivo. Their significant functions in vivo have attracted
many researchers to uncover their function at a single molecule level
in medical science or biophysics fields. According to progress in understanding
of their functions, they are recently considered as a driving source
at nanometer scale toward an engineering purpose. One of engineering-oriented
research directions is to utilize kinesin and dynein motors as a transporter
of target molecules. We have built a microtubule array having predefined
polarities on nanotracks, which can be regarded as a in vitro microtubule
arrangement that is seen in a living cell. A molecular sequence was designed
to have two molecules that have affinity by molecular specific bindings.
Motors carrying these molecules move on the microtubule array, and collide
resuling in Q-dot colocalizations. This is a demonstration of molecular total analysis systems (MTAS)
utilizing the motility function of motor proteins. Keywords: Motor Protein / Kinesin / Dynein / Microtubule / μTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems) / Micro/Nano Fabrication |
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| ATPで駆動する回転型運動素子 Rotory Motor Fueled by ATP |
角五 彰 Akira KAKUGO |
| ＜要旨＞ Biological
motors such as actin/myosin and microtubule/kinesin are possible candidates
as the building blocks of the Rotory Motor. Coupling them to ATP hydrolysis,
biological motors are able to generate mechanical motion at ambient temperature
with high energy conversion efficiency. Our greatest concern is the integration
of these molecular blocks into functional structures. To fabricate well-ordered
assembly structures, we have developed an active self-organization method
in an energy dissipative non-equilibrium system. Based on the active
self-organization principles, we demonstrate that
the functions of motor protein systems can be integrated into ordered
structures that can work as actuators. Keywords: Biomolecular Motor / Active Self-Organization / Air / Liquid interface / Rotary Motor |
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| 光駆動型高分子アクチュエーター Light-Driven Polymer Actuators |
間宮 純一 Jun-ichi MAMIYA |
| ＜要旨＞ Precisely
controlled and reversible three-dimensional movements are expected to
find applications as polymer actuators, micromechanical components and
artificial muscles. The molecular-level photoisomerization can give rise
to macroscopic deformation of crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymers,
allowing one
to convert light energy directly into mechanical work (photomechanical
materials). The connection between photoisomerization of the azobenzenes,
photoinduced change in molecular alignment, generated stress, and macroscopic
deformation
was analyzed. Three-dimensional movements of the crosslinked polymers
and their composite materials driven by light were demonstrated: light-driven
rotational, translational, and flexible robotic arm motions. A precise
directional control of the photomobility in the crosslinked liquid-crystalline
polymer fibers was achieved. Keywords: Photochromism / Actuator / Liquid Crystal / Crosslinked Polymer / Photomobile Material / Energy Conversion |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 高分子も人も「つながり」を大切に Innovation Needs Scientists' Network like Polymers |
須賀 健雄 Takeo SUGA |
| ＜要旨＞ This essay includes some of my research topics on functional polymers, and episodes of my research life. I appreciate my former and current colleagues and advisors, who helped me to link to this academic world. And I believe to link scientists like polymer synthesis will lead to innovation in the future. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 有機ホウ素錯体を基盤とした元素ブロック高分子 Element-Block Polymers Based on Organoboron Complexes |
田中 一生・中條 善樹 Kazuo TANAKA, Yoshiki CHUJO |
＜要旨＞ Recent
works on the element-block materials based on organoboron-containing
polymers are reviewed. The electronic interaction and correlation involving
organoboron complexes are responsible for their unique optical and
electric properties of polymers. For comprehending the origins of these
properties and applying them to the next generation of new materials,
researchers have gathered not only the fundamental knowledge on the
electronic states and behaviors of each organoboron complex in the
polymers but also on the functions of the polymers in the devices.
In this issue, we explain recent findings obtained from a series of
studies on the polymers involving highly-functional element-blocks. |
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| Copyright(C) 2012 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan All Rights Reserved. |