| POLYMERS Vol.62 No.3 |
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特集
高分子机器及其应用 |
| 展望 |
| 使用自激振荡聚合物制备仿生机器的研究 | 吉田 亮 |
| <Abstract>
作者开发了与通常的刺激响应性凝胶不同且在一定条件下能够像心脏跳动一样自发地进行周期性韵律运动的新型自激振荡凝胶。作者把化学振动反应（BZ反应）的化学能变换成高分子链的形态变化，成功地实现了周期性的力学变化。这一成果有望在自律性功能材料领域中获得应用。 Keywords: Polymer Gels / Autonomic Function / Oscillating Reaction / Self-Oscillation / Smart Materials / Biomimetic Machines |
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| 使用导电高分子制备能量转换机器的研究 | 奥崎秀典 |
| <Abstract>
若能用外部刺激来控制高分子材料的体积变化，这种材料有望能够在灵活运动的机器人或软性致动器人工肌肉等领域中得到应用。其中电刺激手段控制性比较好，故有诸多EAP（electro-active polymer）聚合物致动器得到了广泛的研究。本文介绍了作为一种能量转换机器的导电高分子致动器。
Keywords: Conductive Polymer / Actuator / Artificial Muscle / Electro-active Polymer / Polypyrrole / Doping / PEDOT/PSS / PolyMuscle |
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| DNA纳米结构体上运动的DNA分子机器 | 远藤政幸，杉山 弘 |
| <Abstract>
DNA可以操作其动态的分子聚集态，也能够应用在各种分子机器中。本文介绍了DNA分子机器的概况和最近的DNA纳米结构体上运动的DNA分子机器的制备以及其操作和运动解析等。
Keywords: DNA Nanomachine / DNA Nanostructure / DNA Origami / Strand Displacement / Atomic Force Microscopy / DNA Motor / DNA Walker / DNA Spider |
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| 话题 |
| 使用“Slide-Ring Material”的致动器的开发及其在人工手臂中的应用 | 竹内宏充 |
| <Abstract>
Recently, driving sources with excellent lightweight properties and silence are requested. Therefore, a variety of polymer actuators is actively researched and developed. Polymer dielectric actuators show an excellent characteristic in the response and the energy efficiency in these actuators. However, dielectric actuators have the problem requiring high drive voltages. To overcome this fault, a novel polymeric material (slide ring material) was adopted. Moreover, we made an artificial arm that moved with a dielectric actuator.
Keywords: Polymer Actuator / Artificial Muscle / Slide Ring Material / Artificial Arm |
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| 生物分子马达的纳米级运动控制及其系统化 | 横川隆司 |
| <Abstract> Motor
proteins, such as kinesin or dynein, contribute to transport intracellular
materials in vivo. Their significant functions in vivo have attracted many researchers to uncover their function at a single molecule
level in medical science or biophysics fields. According to progress
in understanding of their functions, they are recently considered as
a driving source at nanometer scale toward an engineering purpose. One
of engineering-oriented research directions is to utilize kinesin and
dynein motors as a transporter of target molecules. We have built a microtubule
array having predefined polarities on nanotracks, which can be regarded
as a in vitro microtubule arrangement that is seen in a living cell. A molecular sequence
was designed to have two molecules that have affinity by molecular specific
bindings. Motors carrying these molecules move on the microtubule array,
and collide resuling in Q-dot colocalizations. This is a demonstration
of molecular total analysis systems (MTAS) utilizing the motility function
of motor proteins. Keywords: Motor Protein / Kinesin / Dynein / Microtubule / μTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems) / Micro/Nano Fabrication |
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| 以ATP来驱动的旋转型运动马达 | 角五 彰 |
| <Abstract> Biological
motors such as actin/myosin and microtubule/kinesin are possible candidates
as the building blocks of the Rotory Motor. Coupling them to ATP hydrolysis,
biological motors are able to generate mechanical motion at ambient temperature
with high energy conversion efficiency. Our greatest concern is the integration
of these molecular blocks into functional structures. To fabricate well-ordered
assembly structures, we have developed an active self-organization method
in an energy dissipative non-equilibrium system. Based on the active
self-organization principles, we demonstrate that the functions of motor
protein systems can be integrated into ordered structures that can work
as actuators. Keywords: Biomolecular Motor / Active Self-Organization / Air / Liquid interface / Rotary Motor |
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| 光驱动型高分子致动器 | 间宫纯一 |
| <Abstract> Precisely
controlled and reversible three-dimensional movements are expected to
find applications as polymer actuators, micromechanical components and
artificial muscles. The molecular-level photoisomerization can give rise
to macroscopic deformation of crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymers,
allowing one
to convert light energy directly into mechanical work (photomechanical
materials). The connection between photoisomerization of the azobenzenes,
photoinduced change in molecular alignment, generated stress, and macroscopic
deformation
was analyzed. Three-dimensional movements of the crosslinked polymers
and their composite materials driven by light were demonstrated: light-driven
rotational, translational, and flexible robotic arm motions. A precise
directional control of the photomobility in the crosslinked liquid-crystalline
polymer fibers was achieved. Keywords: Photochromism / Actuator / Liquid Crystal / Crosslinked Polymer / Photomobile Material / Energy Conversion |
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| 高分子科学与我：个人独白 |
| 科学进步和革新也与聚合物一样需要科学家们的人际网络 | 须贺健雄 |
| <Abstract> This essay includes some of my research topics on functional polymers, and episodes of my research life. I appreciate my former and current colleagues and advisors, who helped me to link to this academic world. And I believe to link scientists like polymer synthesis will lead to innovation in the future. |
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| 高分子科学最新进展 |
| 有机硼络合物为基础的元素嵌段共聚物 | 田中一生，中條善树 |
| <Abstract>
本文综述了含有机硼络合物为基础的元素嵌段共聚物的最新研究进展。有机硼络合物的电相互作用是这种聚合物独特的光电特性的理由之所在。为了理解这些特性的根源和在下一代新材料中的应用，科学家们不仅收集了聚合物中的有机硼络合物的电子状态和行为等基础知识，还对各种器件应用领域中这些聚合物所起的功能进行了汇总。本文中我们介绍了包括高功能元素嵌段共聚物等一系列聚合物的研究中获得的最新的研究成果。
Keywords: Element-Block / Organoboron / Conjugated Polymer/ Emission / Electron Conductivity / Opto-Electric Device |
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