| POLYMERS Vol.63 No.2 |
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特集
Extremely Thin Polymer Films |
| 展望 |
| 高分子薄膜的玻璃化转变 | 金谷利治，井上伦太郎 |
| <Abstract>
高分子材料成膜会显示出与高分子主体不同的特异物性。本文针对高分子薄膜的玻璃化转变现象，尤其对玻璃化转变温度进行了聚焦研究，阐述了最近的进展及今后的展望
Keywords: Polymer Thin Film / Glass Transition Temperature / Confinmemt / Surface Effect / Interfacial Effect / Distribution of Glass Transition Temperature |
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| 高分子纳米吸附层 | 古贺忠典 |
| <Abstract>
高分子的表面界面不仅与胶黏，干燥，摩擦，涂布等这些各种工业上重要的工艺有影响，还对生物体界面起着重要的作用。本文介绍了利用量子束直接观察而观测到的高分子纳米吸附层的存在以及对高分子薄膜的内部结构和物性所涉及的影响
Keywords: Adsorbed Layer / Polymer Melt / Solid Interface / Flattened Conformation / Nanoconfinement Effects / Long-Range Perturbations |
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| 利用自我组装高分子薄膜的电子元器件超微加工 | 浅川钢儿 |
| <Abstract>
电子元器件是通过尺寸的加工细微化来实现高性能和低成本的。然而，因设备和材料成本的上升，这种降低成本的手段也越来越有限了。经一系列研究，我们发现通过自我组装而得到的高分子超微结构有可能解决这一难题
Keywords: Block Copolymer Lithography / Directed Self-Assembly / Electronic Device Fabrication / Hard Disk Drive / Optical Device / Memory Device |
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| 话题 |
| 高分子复合纳米聚集体 | 三石方也，宫下德治 |
| <Abstract>
We demonstrate flexible design of hybrid polymer nanoassemblies based on nanoparticle arrays and polymer nanosheets. Using excellent film formation ability of acrylamide-based amphiphic polymers at the air-water interface, well defined hybrid polymer nanoassemblies were constructed at the monoparticle layer level. Hybrid polymer nanoassemblies enable to elucidate the structure-property relationship in terms of light-matter interaction at confined spaces as well as open up a new scientific field for nanophotonics and nanoelectronics applications. Several examples such as luminescence oxygen sensor application and emission control of hybrid polymer nanoassemblies assembled on a silver grating surface are described. Keywords: Polymer Nanosheet / Hybrid Polymer Nanoassembly / Localized Surface Plasmon / Waveguide / Nanoparticle |
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| 薄膜中的界面诱导半导体高分子链垂直取向 | 但马敬介 |
| <Abstract> Controlling the orientation of highly anisotropic semiconducting polymers in thin films is important for the high performance of organic electronic devices. We have recently developed simple ways to achieve unique end-on (vertical) orientation by utilizing the surface segregation of the end-fluoroalkylated poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BTF). In P3BTF/polystyrene (PS) blend films, a highly ordered end-on orientation of the conjugated backbone was observed in the surface-segregated layer of the crystalline P3BT-F. Furthermore, when the film was spin-coated from a mixture of P3BT-F and poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), the chain orientation of P3BT-F at the surface forced the P3BT in the bulk of the film to adopt the end-on orientation because of the high crystallinity of P3BT. The electronic conductivity measured perpendicular to the film surface also reflected the end-on orientation in the bulk, resulting in a more than 30-fold enhancement of the hole mobility. This strategy could be applied to other crystalline semiconducting polymers and has great promise for controlling the optical and electronic properties of polymer films. Keywords: Semiconducting Polymers / Chain Orientation / Thin Films / Surface Segregation / Self-Assembly / Anisotropy / Charge Mobility / Crystalization |
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| 利用中子反射率法的高分子薄膜结构解析 | 山田悟史 |
| <Abstract> Neutron reflectometry is one of the powerful tools to investigate surface and interfacial structures of materials in the spatial range from nm to sub-μm. Because hydrogen and deuterium atoms have different scattering length for neutrons, this method can distinguish deuterated materials from normal ones in the mixture of soft-condensed matters, such as polymer blends, bio-mimic membranes, and so on. Furthermore, high transmissivity of neutrons to materials enables us to probe deeply-buried interfaces such as solid/liquid interfaces in a non-destructive way. SOFIA is a horizontal type neutron reflectometer in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Thanks to a careful treatment for background, we can measure a reflectivity profile down to 10-7. Furthermore, the high-flux pulsed neutron beam at J-PARC enables us to perform a time-slicing measurement with a wide wavelength band and short time slices. In this paper, I introduce a specification of SOFIA and some usage examples of SOFIA for polymer samples. Keywords: Surface and Interfacial Structures / Soft Matter / Neutron Reflectometry |
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| 以液晶所支配的液晶性嵌段共聚物薄膜 | 小村元宪 |
| <Abstract>Liquid crystalline block copolymer, PEO-b-PMA(Az), forms a highly ordered microphase separated film with perpendicularly oriented cylinders on various substrates by thermal annealing, because homeotropic anchoring of the liquid crystalline mesogens to air-film interface induces nucleation of liquid crystallization and simultaneous order-order transition from sphere to cylinder microphase separations from the interface. In the case of a thick film, homogeneous anchoring of the mesogens to a Si substrate was also observed. Based on this phenomenon, we succeeded in direct observation of both, perpendicular and parallel cylinder formations by temperature-controlled atomic force microscopy with introduction of a temperature gradient between sample stage and cantilever tip. Furthermore, the liquid crystalline block copolymer shows the smallest microphase separated structures because of the exclusion effect of other materials by liquid crystallization that added to thermodynamic repulsive force between blocks represented by χ parameter. Hierarchical microphase separated structures of such a well-designed block copolymer will afford a further progress in block copolymer lithography and fabrication of functional nanomaterials. Keywords: Microphase Separation / Liquid Crytal / Cylinder / Order-Order Transition / In-situ Observation |
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| 在SPring-8利用GISAXS的高分子薄膜结构研究 | 小川纩树 |
| <Abstract> To gain a better understanding of the function of polymer thin films, one should measure the multi-scale structures from the surface roughness down to the atomically truncated structures at micro area as well as the formation process inside the film. In this article, structural studies of polymer thin films using synchrotron radiation grazing incidence (GI) small-angle X-ray scattering (SAX) is reviewd, and recent development of GI ultra SAX and in-situ GISAX measurement during spin-coating process is also introduced. Keywords: Polymer Thin Film / GISAXS / GIUSAXS / Dewetting / Spin-Coating |
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| 个人独白 |
| 为制备有效刺激生物体组织的功能性材料 | 多贺谷基博 |
| <Abstract> This manuscript introduces interfacial biological phenomena, preparative nanobiomaterials, and the biomedical applications, leading to functional nanobiosystems as enhanced biocompatibility. In future, the author’s work will contribute to the biomedical fields such as biosensor, drug delivery system, bioimaging and tissue engineering materials. |
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| 高分子科学最新进展 |
| 纤维纳米晶体研究的新进展 | 芹泽 武 |
| <Abstract> Cellulose composed of β-1,4-linked anhydro-d-glucose repeating units is the most abundant organic polymer in the biosphere. In nature, crystalline elementary fibrils are formed during biosynthesis, and are hierarchically assembled into larger fibers with other biomolecules. Acid treatment of natural cellulose sources isolates cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with rod-like shapes. In this review, the preparation, physical/chemical properties, surface functionalization, and composite materials of CNCs are described. Then, the hydrolytic activities of CNCs, recently developed by our group as their novel functions, are introduced. Keywords: Cellulose / Nanocrystal / Acid Treatment / Suspension / Surface Functionalization / Composite Material / Hydrolytic Activity |
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