| 高分子 Vol.63 No.8 |
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特集 3Dプリンターとものづくり
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 非線形ナノ光造形 Nonlinear Nano-Stereolithography |
丸尾 昭二 Shoji MARUO |
| ＜要旨＞ 2光子光重合を利用したマイクロ光造形法は、レーザーを用いた超高精細な3Dプリンティング技術である。この技術は光の回折限界を超えたサブ100 nmで三次元構造を自在に形成できるため、ナノフォトニクス、マイクロマシン、バイオなど幅広く応用されている。本稿では、2光子マイクロ光造形法の原理と特徴を述べ、最新の研究動向について述べる。 Keywords: 3D Printing / Microstereolithogrphy / Photopolymer / Two-Photon Absorption / Molding / Optical Trapping / Microfluidic Devices |
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| AM（3Dプリンター）技術とRaFaEl Additive Manufacturing Technology and RaFaEl |
早野 誠治 Seiji HAYANO |
| ＜要旨＞ 今注目を浴びているAM（additive manufacturing、3Dプリンター）技術の動向や市場の動向を解説する。米国で設立された研究所NAMIIや欧州での活動にも触れ、欧米の目指すAM技術の将来を説明したい。そして、当社が開発した粉末床溶融結合装置RaFaElの開発経緯や特徴を解説する。RaFaElの開発に当たって留意した点は、現行装置の生産性を2倍に向上させることであった。 Keywords: Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing / Laser / Powder Bed Fusion |
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| 3D プリンターとサイエンスディスカッション 3-D Printing and Science Discussion |
川上 勝 Masaru KAWAKAMI |
| ＜要旨＞ 3Dプリンター技術の発展によって、タンパク質分子の模型などを研究者自身の手で作製することが可能な時代になろうとしている。模型の普及により、それまで脳内で想像するしかなかった研究対象の構造を、手元で「触り」「観察する」ことで、その構造に対する理解が深まり、より高度な議論が可能となるだけでなく、研究者のインスピレーションが刺激され、研究に新たな展開をもたらすと期待される。 Keywords: 3D Printing / Science Model / Molecular Model / Peer Discussion / Biomolecules |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 高精度光造形装置と3D プリンター High Precision Stereolithography System and 3D Printer |
滝谷 義隆 Yoshitaka TAKIYA |
| ＜要旨＞ We have provided stereolithography machines and materials in Japan since 1990. Stereolithography has a long history among additive fabrications. We introduce the features of high precision stereolithography system compared to recent 3D Printer technology. Keywords: Stereolithography / 3D Printer / Additive Fabrication / Rapid Prototyping / Rapid Manufacturing |
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| 生体組織作製を目指す3D バイオプリンターの開発 The Developments of 3D-Bioprinter Aiming at Construction of 3D Biological Tissues |
荒井 健一・中村 真人 Kenichi ARAI, Makoto NAKAMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Biological tissues and organs are consisted of three dimensional (3D) structures with several types of cells and extracellular matrices. It is one of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering to construct such 3D biological structures by every means applying manufacturing technologies. Then, we found the big potentials of inkjet technologies in tissue construction such as multi-color printing and high resolution printing with micro-sized ink droplets, we have developed a custom-made inkjet 3D-Bioprinter, which enable to fabricate complicated 3D hydrogel structures including living cells by layer-by-layer printing. As a result, the feasibility of direct cell printing and 3D laminating has been shown, and the concept of computer aided tissue engineering, in which biological tissues are designed in computer and fabricated by 3D-Bioprinter, could be proposed as a next generation tissue engineering approach. In future, we expect that 3D fabricated tissues produced by several engineering techniques including 3D-Bioprinting can contribute to the development of innovative clinical therapeutics for intractable diseases and organ failure. Keywords: Biofabrication / Tissue Engneering / 3D Bioprinter Cell Printing / Inkjet |
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| 3D ゲルプリンター 3D Gel Printer |
宮 瑾 Jin GONG |
| ＜要旨＞ Current commercial 3D printers are almost exclusively used for printing plastic or metal. 3D printers for forming soft material gels have not been found in the market. Freeforming of gels is quite difficult due to their two unique properties of softness and swelling. In our group, two kinds of 3D printers for freeform fabrication of gels and soft food were developed, a bathtub-type gel printer named SWIM-ER, and an ink-jet-type food printer named E-CHEF. The valve of blood vessel, which is hard to build by soft materials, is printed successfully with gels by SWIM-ER. We also succeeded in preparing the Japanese traditional dish rice balls by the food printer E-CHEF. The 3D gel printers allow us to combine the synthesis and freeform technology for gels. These combination would initiate paradigm changes not only in the chemistry field but also in the mechanical field. The true creative manufacturing, designing and making only for an individual, is supposed to be realized perhaps surprisingly soon. Keywords: 3D Printer / Gel / Food / Chemistry / Mechanical / Robotics / Order-Made |
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| 熱可塑性樹脂を熱溶融して積層造形する3D プリンター Overview of FDM 3D-Printer for Thermoplastic Resins, and its Applications |
丸岡 浩幸 Hiroyuki MARUOKA |
| ＜要旨＞ So called “3D-printers” consist of a lot of technologies, machines and materials of Additive Manufacturing. FDM stands for Fused-Deposition-Modeling. It is one of the major processes of 3D-printing. FDM can produce engineering thermoplastic parts without molding, hence it is useful for prototyping and Direct-Digital-Manufacturing in many fields. Keywords: 3D-Printer / Additive-Manufacturing / AM / Fused-Deposition-Modeling / FDM / Thermoplastics / Direct-Digital-Manufacturing / DDM |
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| ファブラボでの3D プリンターの活用 From 3D Printer to Personal Fabrication: FabLab |
田中 浩也 Hiroya TANAKA |
| ＜要旨＞ In this paper, we are describing the past, present, and the future of personal fabrication through practices emerged from FabLabs all over the world. Keywords: 3D Printing / Personal Fabrication / Smart Material / User-Innovation |
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| 3D プリンターの市場と研究開発動向 Market and R&D Trends in 3D Printing |
辻 早希子 Sakiko TSUJI |
| ＜要旨＞ 3D printing is currently a hot topic. It is an automatic process to create objects from various kinds of materials, such as metals, plastics, papers, and ceramics. The global 3D printing market is growing rapidly and reached over $2 billion in 2012. But while 3D printing is believed to be the next industrial revolution, in reality there are still technical issues to be solved. This report provides current information on technical description and issues, market trends, and statistical analysis of patents and research papers of 3D printing worldwide. The analysis of patents indicated the companies in Europe, USA, and Japan are the major R&D players. On the other hand, the statistical analysis of research papers showed, in addition to Europe and USA, China and Korea put considerable effort in academic research. The number of published papers on this area has been continuously growing since 2001. This suggested 3D printing has attracted increasing attention as reseach themes. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing / Market Trend / Patent Analysis / R&D Trend |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 守破離－居合から学ぶ研究者の生き方 Shu-Ha-Ri: a Way to Establish Oneself as a Researcher |
井田 大地 Daichi IDA |
| ＜要旨＞ The author has learned one possible way to establish himself as a researcher in polymer science from iaidō: one of the traditional martial arts in Japan (budō). The way may be explained on the basis of the concept “shu-ha-ri.” In this short article, the author gives a brief explanation of shu-ha-ri and of the relation between iaidō training and research training. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 生体親和性高分子のハイスループットスクリーニング ―バイオ界面水の役割と中間水コンセプトによる材料設計― High-throughput Screening of Biocompatible Polymers: The Roles of Bio-Interfacial Water and Materials Design Based on “Intermediate Water” Concept |
田中 賢 Masaru TANAKA |
| ＜要旨＞ The mechanisms responsible for the biocompatibility of polymers at the molecular level have not been clearly demonstrated, although many theoretical and experimental efforts have been made to understand these mechanisms. Water interactions have been recognized as fundamental for the biological response to contact with polymers. We have proposed the “Intermediate Water” concept, and hypothesized that intermediate water, which prevents the proteins and blood cells from directly contacting the polymer surface, or non-freezing water on the polymer surface, plays an important role in the biocompatibility of polymers. We will provide an overview of the recent experimental progress of the robust screening of biocompatible polymers based on bio-interfacial water structure. Keywords: Biocomaptibility / Water Structure / Protein Adsorption / Cell Adhesion / Intermediate Water |
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