| 高分子 Vol.64 No.12 |
| >> Japanese | >> English |
特集 緑の星と高分子：バイオマス高分子の開発動向
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| バイオポリエステル Biopolyesters |
阿部 英喜 Hideki ABE |
| ＜要旨＞ バイオポリエステルは、再生可能なバイオマスを原料として微生物により生産でき、自然環境中の微生物により分解・資化される生分解性という機能を併せもつ環境適合性高分子材料の一つである。本稿では、このバイオポリエステルの高生産性技術、高性能化加工技術、新素材の創出にかかわる一連の研究開発の動向と今後の展望について解説する。 Keywords: Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s / Biosynthesis / Structure / Processing / Physical Properties |
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| バイオプラスチックの実用化の動向と今後の展望 The Development Situation of the Biobased Plastics and its Future Forecast |
猪股 勲 Isao INOMATA |
| ＜要旨＞ 21世紀のプラスチック新素材・バイオプラスチックの実用化の取り組みが世界的に進んでいる。既存のプラスチックを凌ぐ特性を実現することは簡単ではないが、すでにいくつかの分野ではその製品化が進んでおり、今後のさらなる進展も期待されている。本稿では、今までの実用化の状況と今後望まれる課題・期待を込めた展望につき述べる。 Keywords: Bioplastics / Products Development / Japanese Market / Future Forecast / Future Issue |
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| 植物材料と自動車 Bio-Composites for the Automotive Industry |
西村 拓也 Takuya NISHIMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ 植物をフィラーとして樹脂と複合化することで、タルクやガラス繊維に比べて軽量化を図りつつ耐熱性と弾性率を向上させることができる。本稿では、筆者らが開発した植物材料の自動車部品への適用例を紹介しながら、これからの植物材料について展望する。 Keywords: Bio-Composite / Natural Fibers / Bioplastic / Automotive Industry |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| バイオベース度のISO規格化 Biobased Content for Plastics Products and its ISO Standardization |
国岡 正雄 Masao KUNIOKA |
| ＜要旨＞ Production of plastics products with biobased constituents from biomass resources is desirable for conserving our planet's limited resources and preventing global warming. The biobased content is the index of the amount for biomass-based compound in plastics or rubber products. The determination methods of biobased contents such as biobased carbon content, biobased synthetic polymer content and biobased mass content based on ISO 16620 series for plastics or ISO 19984 series for rubber products are explained. ISO 16620 and 19984 series are discussed in ISO technical committee TC61 (Plastics) and TC45 (Rubber and rubber products). Keywords: Biomass-Based Plastics / Biobased Plastics / Biobased Content / Biobased Carbon Content / Biobased Mass Content / Biobased Synthetic Polymer Content |
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| リグニンの分子規格標準化 Structural Standardization of Lignin for Advanced Utilization |
舩岡 正光 Masamitsu FUNAOKA |
| ＜要旨＞ Lignin is composed of molecular segments that are different in size, structure and function. The lignin building block (1st Segment) is composed of aliphatic and aromatic units, having amphiphilic property. First segments are linked by dehydrogenative polymerization to give branched linear-type chains (2nd Segments), which are combined through nucleophilic addition to quinonemethides to form network polymers (3rd Segments). These are coagulated to give lignin mass (4th Segment). Sequential control technology of lignin segments has been developed in the Funaoka Lab in Mie University, Japan. This system includes “Selective C1 phenolysis” leading to diphenylmethane (DPM) type units (Key process: Phase separation process) and “C2 arylether control”. The phenolated 2nd segments (lignophenols) derived from native lignin through selective C1 phenolysis are multi-functional materials. By choosing the properties of C1 phenols, the functionalities of lignophenols can be controlled. By the selective cleavage of C2 aryl ethers, lignophenols are released to form functional oligomers. Finally, DPM type units are released to give monomers through a phenyl nucleus exchange reaction. Keywords: Lignocellulose / Lignin / Lignophenol / Phase-Separation Process / Sequential Control / Sustainable Utilization |
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| 構造タンパク質の基礎物性―構造材料への利用に向けて― Physical Properties of Structural Proteins as a Structural Material |
沼田 圭司 Keiji NUMATA |
| ＜要旨＞ Structural proteins are biomass-based polyamides, which are applicable to structural materials. One typical and well-studied structural protein is a spider dragline silk. The stiffness, strength, and optical properties of the silk are regulated by orientation and alignment of β-sheet crystals. However, the structural change of silks during stretching deformation has not been clarified yet. In addition, the thermal stability and property of silk are essential information for bulk material design of silk. Here, we introduce our recent update on the structural change of silk fibers during stretching deformation and thermal property of silk film and fibers. Structural analyses showed that the crystallisation of the silks, following extension deformation, has a critical effect on their mechanical and optical properties. Furthermore, the relationship between water contents and thermal properties of silks is also cleared. These findings should aid the production of artificial silk fibers and facilitate the development of silk-inspired functional materials. Keywords: β-Sheet Crystal / Silk / Structural Material / Thermal Property |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| もうすぐアラフォー未だ自分探し Almost Around 40's, Still Looking for Myself |
福島 和樹 Kazuki FUKUSHIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ What you are focusing on right now could be what you should not do for the next decades, regardless of how much time you spend on it and how big your enthusiasm for it is. I am still asking myself what my specialty is and where the originality exists in my research, even though great outcomes were achieved. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| バイオベースエラストマーの新展開 New Trend of Bio-Based Elastomers |
宇山 浩・中澤 慶久 Hiroshi UYAMA, Yoshihisa NAKAZAWA |
| ＜要旨＞ This account deals with new trends of bio-based elastomers, especially focusing on bio-based trans-1,4-polyisoprene and plant oil-based polymers. Eucommia ulmoides accumulates trans-1,4-polyisoprene (EuTPI) in the leaves, bark, root, and fruit coatings, which exhibits higher modulus and less flexibility than cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Recent progress on isolation engineering of EuTPI for industrialization and fundamental properties of EuTPI were mentioned. Physically crosslinked EuTPI was prepared by grafting of maleic anhydride on EuTPI. Hydroxyl group-introduced soybean oil as well as castor oil and its derivatives were developed as polyol for bio-based polyurethane elastomers. Other bio-based elastomers from plant oils were also cited. Keywords: Biomass Plastics / Elastomers / Plant Oils / Trans-1,4-Polyisoprene / Castor Oil / Soybean Oil |
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