| 高分子 Vol.65 No.6 |
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特集 痛くない高分子：その優しさはどこから？
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| MPCポリマー表面での生体親和性発現機序 Mechanism of Biocompatibility on 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Surfaces |
石原 一彦 Kazuhiko ISHIHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ 多くの人工臓器、医療デバイスが利用されて、診断、治療がなされ、生命の救済、維持および疾患の治癒が実現されてきた。しかしながら、長期間にわたる医療デバイスの利用では、いまだに生体特有の異物認識反応が問題となる。ここでは生体の細胞膜構造に着目し、その構造を医療デバイスの表面に人工的に構築できるポリマーの創製と生体親和機能について紹介する。 Keywords: Biocompatibility / Phosphorylcholine Group / Hydration / Protein Adsorption Resistance / Artigicial Organs |
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| 水中におけるPEGのコンフォメーション Chain Conformation of PEG in Water |
川口 正剛 Seigou KAWAGUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ ポリエチレングリコール（PEG）は代表的な非イオン性の水溶性または両親媒性の合成高分子である。PEGは現在、生体に優しい生体親和性高分子の代表としてさまざまな分野で広く活用されている。本稿では、希薄水溶液中におけるPEG孤立鎖のコンフォメーションを光散乱と粘度測定から特性解析を行い、高分子溶液論の立場からその優しさがどこからくるものなのかを展望する。 Keywords: PEG/ Polymer Conformation / Water Soluble Polymer / Light Scattering / Intrinsic Viscosity / Persistence Length / Wormlike Chain / Bio-compatible |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| ポリサルコシン系高分子ミセルのTheranosticsへの応用 Application for Theranostics of Amphiphilic Polysarcosine-Block-Polylactic Acid Copolymers |
小関 英一 Eiichi OZEKI |
| ＜要旨＞ The nanoparticle “Lactosome” is a polymeric micelle formed by self-assembly of biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymer composed of poly(sarcosine), which is a hydrophilic chain and poly(L-lactic acid), which is a hydrophobic chain. The Lactosome is hardly recognized by the self-defense system of living organisms like the reticuloendothelial system. Lactosome was found to be stable in blood circulation, and gradually accumulated specifically at a tumor site, which is due to the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. In this paper, we introduce Theranostics (fusion of molecular imaging and drug delivery system) with using Lactosome for cancer treatment. Keywords: Polysarcosine / Theranostics / Amphiphilic Polymer / Enhanced Permeation and Retention Effect(EPR Effect) / Stealth Effect / Photodynamic Therapy(PDT) / Internal Radiation Therapy / Drug Delivery System (DDS) |
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| Poly（2-Isoproply-2-Oxazoline）水溶液の相分離 Hysteresis in the Phase Separation of Aqueous Poly(2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline) Solution |
勝本 之晶 Yukiteru KATSUMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polymers often undergo a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition. In the case of aqueous poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) solutions, the phase separation is followed, upon prolonged heat treatment, by an irreversible crystallization of the polymer. Infrared spectroscopy combined with molecular orbital (MO) calculations and spectral measurements with model compounds were employed to monitor water/polymer interactions and changes in polymer conformation during the LCST-type phase separation. The thermally induced spectral variations suggest that the dehydration of the PiPrOx amide function occurs gradually as the temperature is raised from 20 ℃ up to the cloud point (Tc). Upon prolonged heating of the phase separated mixture at constant temperature (Tc + ～2 ℃), the infrared spectrum of the polymer undergoes further changes ascribed to conformational transitions of the polymer backbone. These changes, which are irreversible upon cooling the solution below Tc, lead to the conformation taken by the polymer in the crystalline phase. Keywords: Poly(2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline) / Aqueous Solution / Phase Separation / Hysteresis / Infrared Spectroscopy / Molecular Orbital Calculation |
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| ドラッグデリバリーシステム市場に特化したPEG誘導体について Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives for DDS Market |
山本 裕二 Yuji YAMAMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of most widely used synthetic polymers for medical use, since PEG is FDA approval biocompatible polymer showing low toxicity and low immunogenicity. Especially in the field of drug delivery system (DDS), functionalized PEG, which has functional groups at the end groups, is used in a great number of drug formulations and devices such as PEGylated proteins, hydrogels and polymer micelles. On the other hand, chemical properties and stability of PEG are also great advantages to introduce of a variety of functional groups by severe specifications to be used in medical use. In this article, production and application of PEG is described mainly from the view point of Manufacturer of PEG. Keywords: Biomaterial / Polyethylene Glycol / PEG / Drug Delivery System |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| デザイナー Designer |
寺島 崇矢 Takaya TERASHIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ I am a designer to create functional polymeric materials on the basis of my curiousity and ideas. Though the recent position is distinct from a car designer of my childhood dream, I could eventually contribute to the car manufacturing as a polymer designer with innovative materials. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 膜融合と膜切断により形状を動的に変換する分子集合体 Dynamic Morphology Conversion of Molecular Assemblies through Membrane Fusion and Fission |
木村 俊作 Shunsaku KIMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Membrane fusion and fission are common phenomena observed with various types of cells as described about excretion of exosome, endosome, and caveola from cell membranes, which play an essential role of communications in the biological events. The molecular mechanisms of these biological systems are currently on the way to clarification, but studies on the morphology conversions with use of model systems lag far behind. The present short review focuses on morphology conversion of molecular assemblies with taking examples of vesicle fission from planar sheet, nanotube fusion into planar sheet, fusion of nanosheet with nanotube followed by vesicle fission, and others. In most cases, amphiphilic block polypeptides having a hydrophobic helical block were used. All the morphology conversions are explainable in terms of helical peptide association controlled by helix length, stereo-chemistry, dipole, ridge-groove fit between helix surfaces, and steric effect of the hydrophilic block. One of the perspectives of morphology conversion will be application for a communication tool between two or more systems. Keywords: Molecular Assembly / Vesicle / Nanotube / Membrane Fusion / Membrane Fission / Peptide Assembly / Morphology Conversion / Chimeric Morphology / Autopoiesis |
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