| 高分子 Vol.65 No.8 |
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特集 刺激に応答する賢い水溶性高分子
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 外部刺激応答型機能性水溶性高分子の新展開－細胞内環境応答型核酸医薬の創製－ Development of Stimuli Responsible Water-Soluble Functional Polymers for Biomedical Purpose: Creating Ischemia Cell Specific Oligonucleotide Therapeutics System with Environment-Responsive Peptide Ribonucleic Acids (PRNAs) |
和田 健彦 Takehiko WADA |
| ＜要旨＞ 刺激応答性水溶性高分子を活用し、増幅期癌細胞や脳梗塞周辺細胞などイスキミア状態細胞を標的とした核酸医薬創製への展開を目指し、新規人工核酸ペプチドリボ核酸（PRNA）を設計・合成し、イスキミア細胞特有の細胞内pH低下をトリガーとした核酸塩基部配向変化に基づく標的RNAとの複合体形成・核酸医薬効果のOff-On制御へのアプローチを紹介する。 Keywords: Stimli Responsible / pH Responsible / Oligonucleotide Therapeutics / Cancer Cell Spesific / Ischemia / Artificial Nucleic Acid / Orientation Control / Recognition Control |
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| 近赤外光でコントロールするドラッグデリバリーシステム Drug Delivery System Controlled by Near-Infrared Light |
新留 琢郎 Takuro NIIDOME |
| ＜要旨＞ 目的部位に薬物を集積させ、機能させるドラッグデリバリー技術において、外部刺激によるコントロールがその精度を高めるうえで重要である。近赤外光は組織透過性が高く、照射部位を限定できるため、外部刺激として有利である。その光を熱に変換するさまざまなナノ粒子をベースに、光照射でコントロールする薬物放出システムが数多く報告されている。 Keywords: Drug Delivery / Gold Nanoparticles / Near-Infrared Light |
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| バイオ応用に向けた磁場応答型ナノハイブリッド Magnetoresponsive Nanohybrid Materials for Potential Biomedical Applications |
片桐 清文・佐々木 善浩 Kiyofumi KATAGIRI, Yoshihiro SASAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ 脂質二分子膜や多糖ナノゲルなどのソフトマテリアルと磁性ナノ粒子からなるナノハイブリッドを磁場応答型インテリジェントマテリアルとしてバイオメディカル分野に応用する研究について、ドラッグ・デリバリーやタンパク質の磁気誘導細胞内導入機能などの事例を交えて最近の展望を紹介する。 Keywords: Magnetic Nanoparticles /Lipid Bilayer / Polysaccharide Nanogels / Drug Delivery Carrier / Hyperthermia Therapy / Protein Transduction |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 水溶性ポリアニリンの刺激応答性構造変化 Stimulation-Responsive Structural Change of Water-Soluble Polyanilines |
雨夜 徹・平尾 俊一 Toru AMAYA, Toshikazu HIRAO |
| ＜要旨＞ Stimulation-responsive structural change of water-soluble polyanilines is described. A self-doped polyaniline, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS), exhibits the reversible structural switching in aqueous solution, which is considered to be induced by the partial redox reaction. Another self-doped polyaniline, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-phosphonic acid) (PMAP) developed in our group, shows the deprotonation-induced delocalization of the polaron in aqueous solution, which can be accounted for by partial streching of the main chain. Keywords: Polyaniline / Doping / Conducting Polymer / PMAP / Structural Change |
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| UCST型ウレイドポリマー Ureido Polymers Showing UCST-Type Phase Separation Behavior |
嶋田 直彦・丸山 厚 Naohiko SHIMADA, Atsushi MARUYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ Ureido polymers exhibit UCST-type phase separation behavior under physiologically relevant conditions. Phase separation temperature can be controlled by changing molecular weight or ureido contents. Notably, we showed that ureido polymers having 10 mol% ionic groups still exhibited UCST behavior. This property of ureido polymers expands their usefulness as biomaterials. We examined capture and separation of particular proteins from a protein mixture by cooling-induced phase separation. Thermal denaturation and damage to proteins can be minimized. Selective and rapid capture of particular proteins from protein mixture by ureido polymers having ionic groups was shown. Interestingly, cells in monolayer cultures were converted to spheroids by the addition of ureido polymers. The spheroid/monolayer culture was repeatably changed by changing culture temperature. Keywords: Temperature Responsive Polymers / UCST / Physiolgical Conditions / Biomaterials |
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| 標的分子に応答するゲル微粒子 Target Molecule-Responsive Gel Particles |
河村 暁文 Akifumi KAWAMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ Stimuli-responsive gels that undergo changes in size in response to external stimuli have attracted considerable attention. We have prepared molecule-responsive hydrogels by using molecular complexes as dynamic crosslinks. In this paper, we describe the glucose and bisphenol A (BPA)-responsive gel particles that undergo changes in size in response to target glucose or BPA. The glucose responsive gel particles prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization recognized target glucose and swelled rapidly owing to the dissociation of GEMA-ConA complexes acting as dynamic crosslinks. We also prepared organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles with BPA-responsive hydrogel layer on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The resulting CD-PAAm/SiO2 underwent a change in size in response to BPA owing to an increase in the crosslinking density of the CD-PAAm hydrogel layer, resulting from the formation of CD-BPA-CD complexes acting as dynamic crosslinks. The smart functions of molecule-responsive gel particles can provide useful tools for constructing carriers for drug delivery systems and molecular sensors. Keywords: Stimuli-Responsive Gel Particle / Molecule-Respinsive Gel Particle / Dynamic Crosslink / Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization / Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization / Drug Delivery System / Molecular Sensor |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 若手の立居振舞 Young Scientist’s Manners |
沼田 圭司 Keiji NUMATA |
| ＜要旨＞ In this short essay, the definition, advantage and disadvantage of being a young scientist are summarized according to the author’s experiences including Tokyo Young Polymer Scientists’ activities. The struggling young scientist introduces one bitter and fantastic story with starting up his own castle. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 免疫治療のためのDDS最前線 Cutting Edge of DDS Research for Immunotherapy |
弓場 英司・原田 敦史・河野 健司 Eiji YUBA, Atsushi HARADA, Kenji KONO |
| ＜要旨＞ Cancer immunotherapy has gained much attention because of high selectivity, low side effects, and safety. To achieve efficient cancer immunotherapy, the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is crucial because CTLs can directly kill tumor cells. For the induction of CTLs, the selective delivery of tumor antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) in skin tissues or lymph nodes, the activation of DCs, and the induction of cross presentation of tumor antigen on DCs are necessary. In addition, the depletion of immunosuppressive cells in tumor tissues, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cell and regulatory T cells, is required to avoid the suppression of CTLs in tumor. In this review, state-of-art studies on polymer-based accurate delivery systems of antigen, which can deliver antigen to DCs in skin and/or lymph nodes, induce the cross-presentation of exogenous antigen, activate DCs and suppress the immunosuppressive cells in tumor, are outlined. Keywords: Cancer Immunotherapy / Dendritic Cell / Lymph Node / Antigen / Cross Presentation / Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte |
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