| 高分子 Vol.66 No.2 |
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特集 壁の存在感
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 電解質薄膜内の物質移動における界面の影響 Ionomer Thin-Film Network in PEFC: The Impact of Interface on Mass Transport |
黒田 清一・大平 昭博 Seiichi KURODA, Akihiro OHIRA |
| ＜要旨＞ 高分子電解質は固体高分子形燃料電池の基幹材料の一つであり、プロトン伝導を担う隔膜として、さらには白金が担持されたカ―ボンからなる、合剤電極の結着剤として用いられており、電極触媒層を形成する。電池の高性能化、高耐久化を左右する重要な材料の一つである。本稿では高分子電解質の構造とイオンや気体などの物質輸送現象に界面が与える影響について考える。 Keywords: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell / Ionomer / Catalyst Layer / Dispersion / Thin Film / Morphology / Proton Conductivity / Gas Permeability |
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| 電極触媒層との界面構造を考慮した燃料電池用電解質膜の設計 Design of Fuel Cell Membranes for Improving Interface with Catalyst Layers |
宮武 健治 Kenji MIYATAKE |
| ＜要旨＞ 燃料電池への応用を目指したプロトン導電性の高分子電解質膜に関する研究は数多い。実用化されているフッ素系電解質膜や次世代材料として期待されている非フッ素系電解質膜などさまざまあるが、電極触媒層との界面や物質移動に関する知見はあまり得られていない。本稿では、界面構造を考慮した新しい電解質膜の設計に関する最近の研究例を紹介する。 Keywords: Fuel Cells / Ionomers / Membranes / Interface |
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| プロトン伝導性ナノ薄膜 Proton Conductive Nano-Thin Films |
長尾 祐樹 Yuki NAGAO |
| ＜要旨＞ 固体高分子形燃料電池の高性能化に関連したプロトン伝導性ナノ薄膜に関する最近のトピックスを述べる。「壁」に相当する基板の影響を受けた高分子薄膜の構造やプロトン伝導性等について、既存材料のNafionを例にまとめ、「組織構造」をキーワードとする新しいタイプの高プロトン伝導ナノ薄膜について紹介する。 Keywords: Organized Structure / Interfacial Structure and Property / Fuel Cells |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| アイオノマー／金属界面の局所コンホメーション Local Conformation at Ionomer/Metal Interfaces |
八木 一三 Ichizo YAGI |
| ＜要旨＞ Molecular conformation at Nafion/Pt interfaces was investigated with vibrational spectroscopies. Attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopies were applied to monitor the thickness dependencies of Nafion. By the inherent surface- or interfacial- selectivity of VSFG, sulfonate terminal groups in the Nafion sidechains were confirmed to be oriented toward Pt surfaces. To correlate the sulfonate orientation with the pseudo-capacitive current responses on Nafion-modified Pt(111) single crystalline electrodes, in situ dynamic VSFG measurements are desired. Keywords: VSFG / Ionomer / Nafion / Pt / ATR-IR / Ultrathin Film / PEFC |
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| リチウムイオン電池内で生成する高分子 Polymer Synthesis in Li-ion Battery Technology |
原田 雅史 Masashi HARADA |
| ＜要旨＞ At the interface of the negative electrode and the electrolyte solution of lithium-ion batteries, a coating layer including polymers is formed on the eletrode as a side reaction of the intercalation of the lithium ions into carbon particles. The coating layer, which is called solid electrolyte interphase or SEI, was observed during the charging process by neutron reflectivity measurements. The change of the thickness and the scatterig length density in the SEI was evaluated while the potential is decreased. Understanding of electrochemistry at liquid/solid interfaces should be accelerated by application of neutron reflectometry. Keywords: Lithium-Ion Battery / Interface of Electrode and Electrolyte / Solid Electrolyte Interphase / Neutron Reflectometry |
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| 高分子ナノシート層間を用いた高プロトン伝導膜 Proton Conductivity in the Interlayer of Polymer Nanosheet Assembly |
松井 淳 Jun MATSUI |
| ＜要旨＞ We have reported that the hydrophilic interlayer in the polymer nanosheet assembly can be applied as a two-dimensional proton conduction nanochannel. Proton conductivity of polymer nanosheets using acrylic acid as a proton source shows a high conductivity through the two-dimensional nanochannel and the value is comparable to state-of-the-art Nafion membranes. We propose that the formation of a uniform two dimensional hydrogen bonding network among water and carboxylic acid molecules is the reason for the high proton conductivity. In general, it is believed that a strong acid must be used to obtain a proton conductivity of ～0.1 Scm－1. Our results suggest that the high conductivity can be achieved by constructing two dimensional proton conductive nanochannels, even with just using a weak acid as a proton source. Keywords: Langmuir-Blogett Film / Nanoconfinement / Hydrogen Bonding / Fuel Cell |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 分子を手で感じてみたい Can We Feel Molecules by Hand ? |
眞弓 皓一 Koichi MAYUMI |
| ＜要旨＞ My research interest is to bridge a huge gap between the macroscopic mechanical properties of polymeric materials and their molecular structure/dynamic. Can we feel the molecular behavior by touching the material with hands ? |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| バイオベースプラスチックの最近の進歩 Recent Progress in Bio-Based Plastics |
岩田 忠久 Tadahisa IWATA |
| ＜要旨＞ Plastics are the most important materials considering their widespread usage in various fields. Currently, used plastics are mostly produced from petrochemical products. However, there is a growing demand for “Bio-based Plastics” produced from renewable resources to establish the sustainable society and to solve the global environmental. Bio-based plastics have been eagerly researched worldwide with the aim of achieving a balance between human activities and the natural environment. In future, bio-based plastics with superior properties should be produced from non-edible resources such as wood components, agricultural waste, etc. In this Front-Line Polymer Science, I will introduce the recent progresses in Bio-based Plastics in Japan. Keywords: Bio-Based Plastics / Non-Edible Resources / Polyesters / Polysaccharide Derivatives / Aromatic Polymers / High-Performance Materials / Physical Properties / Bio-Based Content |
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