| 高分子 Vol.66 No.5 |
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特集 高分子の形の制御
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 二次元高分子の創製 Creation of Two-Dimensional Polymers |
江 東林 Donglin JIANG |
| ＜要旨＞ 二次元高分子は、共有結合で有機ユニットを連結し、トポロジーダイアグラムに従い、規則正しい細孔を形成しながら二次元的に成長し、積層することにより結晶性多孔有機骨格構造を形成する。一次構造から高次構造まで設計可能な高分子として注目されている。本稿は、二次元高分子の設計原理、合成反応、構造制御および機能発現を概説する。 Keywords: Two-Dimensional Polymers / Covalent Organic Frameworks / Topology Design / Polycondensation / Structural Control / Functional Design / Crystalline Polymers / Porosity |
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| 精密重合法による特殊構造ポリマーの合成 Synthesis of Architectural Polymers via Precision Polymerization |
磯野拓也・佐藤敏文 Takuya ISONO, Toshifumi SATOH |
| ＜要旨＞ 近年のめざましい精密重合系の開発により、さまざまな構造や機能をもった特殊構造ポリマーの合成が実現されるようになった。本稿では、星型および環状構造を有する特殊構造ポリマーに絞り、精密重合法を駆使した合成法を概説する。また、特殊構造ポリマーの合成研究が高分子分野にいかに貢献できるか簡単に触れる。 Keywords: Living Polymerization / Nonlinear Polymer / Star Polymer / Cyclic Polymer / Block Copolymer / Self-Assembly |
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| 高分子鎖の可動な連結を利用するトポロジー変換と特性制御 Polymer Topology Transformation and Property Control Produced by Movable Linking of Polymer Chains |
高田十志和・青木大輔 Toshikazu TAKATA, Daisuke AOKI |
| ＜要旨＞ 高分子の形（トポロジー）とその物性・機能には密接な関係がある。ロタキサン構造を高分子鎖の連結点にもつ高分子の可逆的な構造変換系として、線状－環状、線状－分岐（星形）状の構造変換を挙げ、それによるに物性・機能の変化について紹介する。また、架橋点にロタキサン構造を導入した架橋高分子の合成と高分子の強靱化についても述べる。 Keywords: Rotaxane Linkage / Movable Linking / Topology Transformation / Polymer Topology / Cyclic Polymer / Star Polymer / Cross-Linked Polymer / Polymer Toughening |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 結晶を活用した高分子の形の制御 Morphology Control of Polymer Materials by Using Crystals |
緒明佑哉 Yuya OAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ Morphologies of organic and inorganic polymer materials are controlled by using crystals. This article focuses on morphology control of organic polymer materials. The interspace, surface, and structure of crystals were used for morphology control of polymer materials, such as redox-active polymers. The hierarchical morphology consisting of the oriented nanocrystals, such as biominerals, was used for the morphology replication from the crystals to the polymers. The hierarchical morphology of polymer materials from nanoscopic to macroscopic scales showed the improved electrochemical and adsorbent properties. The crystal surface was used for synthesis and morphology control of polymer materials. The surface of oxidant crystals formed the hierarchical morphology of conductive polymers. The layered crystal structure of the monomer used for the morphology control through the intercalation and the exfoliation. The metal-ion-intercalated polydiacetylene showed tunable stimuli-responsive color-change properties. The exfoliation of the layered polydiacetylene generated the nanosheets. These approaches can be applied to morphology control of a variety of polymer materials. Keywords: Crystals / Crystal Growth / Morphology Control / Hierarchical Structure / Conductive Polymers / Layered Compounds / Polydiacetylene / Intercalation |
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| 分子グリッド：究極のかたちを求めて15年 Molecular Grid: Pursuit of Ultimate Structure over 15 Years |
石田康博 Yasuhiro ISHIDA |
| ＜要旨＞ We have recently found that the salt of a polymerizable amphiphilic carboxylic acid with a chiral amine forms a stable thermotropic liquid crystal. The liquid-crystalline salt, when prepared under magnetic field, takes molecularly ordered structure in a large area. By in-situ polymerization of the carboxylic acid units, cross-linked polymer with the similar structure to the parent liquid crystal is obtained. The resultant polymer serves as a covalent framework, which can reversibly incorporate cationic and basic guest molecules. Taking advantage of its single-crystal like order, the structure of the framework was thoroughly investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, which revealed that the framework is composed of one-handed helices. When a chromophore was incorporated in the framework, the resultant assembly exhibited nonlinear optical properties, originating from the chirality of the framework. Keywords: Chirality / Crosslinking / Helix / Liquid Crystal / Magnetic Orientation / Solid-State Host / Supramolecular Chemistry / Template Reaction |
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| らせん状多糖誘導体の溶液物性 Solution Properties of Helical Polysaccharide Derivatives |
寺尾 憲 Ken TERAO |
| ＜要旨＞ Polysaccharide carbamate derivatives, which are well known as chiral stationary phases, are generally well soluble in organic solvents even though they have a relatively stiff main chain. We determined the helix pitch per residue value as well as the chain stiffness for six amylose carbamate derivatives of in total 31 systems and found that both parameters vary in a certain range. Furthermore, we were able to obtain rigid and semiflexible cyclic polymers in terms of the carbanilation of flexible cyclic amylose. These cyclic derivatives may have appreciably different local conformation, indicating that the helical structure of amylosic chains should fluctuate in solution at room temperature. The high solubility of polysaccharide derivatives may be reason allowing these conformational features. Keywords: Amylose Carbamates / Wormlike Chains / Chain Stiffness / Helical Structure / Hydrogen Bonds / Two State Model / Cyclic Chains |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 明るく、謙虚に、逞しく Positive Mental Attitude |
上野和英 Kazuhide UENO |
| ＜要旨＞ Kazuhide Ueno received his Ph.D. in 2009 from Yokohama National University (supervised by Prof. M. Watanabe). He was a postdoctoral fellow at Tohoku University, at Arizona State University, and at Yokohama National University. He was appointed as assistant professor at Yamaguchi University in 2015, and as associate professor at Yokohama National University in 2017. His research interests include ionic liquid-based soft materials, and battery electrolytes. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 環状高分子ならびにその同族体の物性 Physical Properties of Ring Polymers and Their Derivatives |
土肥侑也・高野敦志・高橋良彰・ 松下裕秀 Yuya DOI, Atsushi TAKANO, Yoshiaki TAKAHASHI, Yushu MATSUSHITA |
| ＜要旨＞ Understanding of the properties of ring polymers is one of the central subjects in polymer physics. Thanks to the development in separation and purification techniques of ring polymers, highly-purified ring polymers could be prepared, and the studies on ring polymers have progressed. In this article, we briefly summarize recent discoveries of physical properties, especially viscoelastic properties, of ring polymers and their derivatives such as tadpole-shaped polymer and dumbbell-shaped polymer. Keywords: Ring Polymer / Tadpole-Shaped Polymer / Dumbbell-Shaped Polymer / Physical Property / Rheology |
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