| 高分子 Vol.66 No.9 |
| >> Japanese | >> English |
特集 医療を支える高分子
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 絹を用いた小口径人工血管の開発 Development of Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Made from Silk |
朝倉哲郎 Tetsuo ASAKURA |
| ＜要旨＞ 強さと美しさを兼ね備えた絹は、“繊維の女王”としてよく知られている。一方、長年にわたり外科用縫合糸として用いられてきた一面もある。そこで、絹をカイコが創るタンパク質として認識し直し、その素晴らしい構造と特性を活かして、焦眉の急を要する小口径絹人工血管を開発しようとする。最近の小口径絹人工血管開発の研究について紹介する。 Keywords: Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin / Small-Diameter Vascular Graft / Patency Remodeling / Endothelium / Smooth Muscle Layer |
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| 高分子によるナノメディシンの世界 Polymer Nanomedicine |
長崎幸夫 Yukio NAGASAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ 低分子合成薬からタンパク質を中心としたバイオ医薬品へのパラダイムシフトが現実のものになってきた。しかし副作用のない効果的薬物治療薬の開発はいまだ緒に就いたばかり。高分子を利用することで巧みに欠点を回避し、患者の生活の質（QOL）を上げるナノメディシン開発のエッセンスをひもとく。 Keywords: Nanomedicine / Antioxidants / Nanoparticles / Injectable Gels / An Electron Transport Chain / Cancer / Alzheimer’s Disease / Ulcerative Colitis / Tissue-Antiadhesive / Peritoneal Dialysis |
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| 強度と生体親和性を両立する革新的外科用接着剤 An Innovative Surgical Sealant with Strong Bonding Strength |
水田 亮・西口昭広・田口哲志 Ryo MIZUTA, Akihiro NISHIGUCHI, Tetsushi TAGUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ 手術時における傷の閉鎖・止血に使用される外科用接着剤は数種類が存在するが、強度と生体親和性の両立に課題があり、両者を有するものが求められている。本稿では、スケソウダラ由来ゼラチンの一部に脂溶性分子を導入した疎水化ゼラチンとポリエチレングリコール系架橋剤から構成される外科用接着剤の特徴と可能性について概説する。 Keywords: Tissue Adhesive / In Situ Gel / Gelatin / Fish / PEG |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 自然に学び、医療針の廃棄ゴミのゼロ化を目指したポリ乳酸製採血針 Development of Polylactic acid Micro Blood Collection Needle Aimed for Zeroing Infectious Garbage of Medical Needles by Learning from Nature |
福田光男 Mitsuo FUKUDA |
| ＜要旨＞ I was often asked “why did you think about developing a blood collection needle with polylactic acid”. When I worked at a medical equipment company, there were some cases where drugs leaked from the affected part of a syring due to the pressure applied at the time of the drug administration, resulting in peritonitis and death. Because I witnessed this, I thought that it would be better if the needle and the medicine are unified when the injected medicine is administered into the body. It is better if the needle can directly reach the affected part and can be directly administered without leaking the medicine. This was the trigger for development of a new system. This is a product of imagining that the body will absorb the needle and the medicine togerther without using an injection metal needle and a syringe. As a necessary condition for realization, I thought that a safe and secure medical needle other than a metal needle is indispensable, starting from the point of whether it is possible to make a needle using a biocompatible material. The needle was perfected by experimentation and testing. Keywords: Biocompatible & Biodegradable Polymer / Biomimicry / Polymer Needle / Vaccination / DDS / Medical Waste / Medical Device / GLP / Blood Lancet / Sharps Injure / Second Infections |
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| バイオ医薬の課題を解決した新しいプレフィラブルシリンジの開発 Development of Novel Polymer Based Pre-Fillable Syringe that can Resolve Serious Issues for Biopharmaceutical Drugs |
阿部吉彦 Yoshihiko ABE |
| ＜要旨＞ Pre-fillable syringes, which are widely used as containers of biopharmaceutical drugs, have some problems that need to be resolved for the stabilization of biopharmaceutical drugs. Among some issues, we selected four serious problems that are protein aggregation by silicone oil, breakage of glass barrels, protein oxidation and aggregation by radicals, and drug denaturation by leachables from the syringe system. We developed new technologies to resolve these issues. To eliminate the breakage with barrels and reduce protein aggregation, polymer based syringe systems were developed with silicone oil free technology called i-coating®. In addition, by choosing low extractable contact materials and selecting steam sterilization, we could achieve a low leachable syringe system called PLAJEX®, which can minimize protein oxidation and aggregation. These new syringe systems can keep the biopharmaceutical drugs stable and attribute to maximum drug efficacy. Keywords: Cyclic Olefin Polymer / Chlorinated Butyl Rubber / Silicone Oil Fee / Sterilization / Extractable and Leachable / Stability / Protein Oxidation / Protein Aggregation |
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| 温度応答性細胞培養器材の開発と再生医療への応用 Development of Thermo-Responsive Cell Cultureware, UpCell®, for Regenerative Medicine |
橋本せつ子 Setsuko HASHIMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ The cell sheet engineering technology was developed by Prof. Teruo Okano of Tokyo Women’s Medical University. Cells grown to confluency on the intelligent cultureware coated with temperature-responsive polymers (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)：PIPAAm) can be detached from the surface without enzymatic digestion but just by lowering the temperature. CellSeed developed a series of cultureware products (UpCell®). In collaboration with academia, CellSeed is also developing therapeutic applications such as esophageal epithelium cell sheets and regeneration of cartilage tissue using cell sheets. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) has become very popular as an early phase treatment of the esophageal cancer. The stricture formation of the esophageal duct after ESD needs to be overcome. Ohki et al. at Tokyo Women’s Medical University have developed a new treatment using cell sheets prepared from the patient’s oral mucosa to prevent the stricture. CellSeed is running a clinical trial in Japan aiming to obtain a product license. Keywords: Thermo-Responsive Surface / Nanometric Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Layer / Cell Sheet Engineering / Regenerative Medicine |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 界面の中の縁 In the Research of Interfaces |
村上大樹 Daiki MURAKAMI |
| ＜要旨＞ The author has coninued the research of “Interfaces” for the last 15 years. The knowledge of basic physical chemistry and many good human connections always helped the author in his change of research areas from liquid interfaces to polymer interfaces, and finally to bio interfaces. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 強いポリマー材料をユビキタスな刺激により修復する －強度と修復性の両立－ Self-Healing of Tough Polymers by Ubiquitous Stimuli |
吉江尚子 Naoko YOSHIE |
| ＜要旨＞ Polymers crosslinked with dynamic bonds potentially have self-healing ability. Macroscopic breaking and healing of such polymer materials correspond to dissociation and re-association of the dynamic bonds, respectively. When thermodynamically controlled, these polymers definitely heal under any conditions. However, due to the reduced mobility of macromolecules, dynamic bonds in rigid polymers cannot display re-bonding ability under most practical conditions. So, healing is usually controlled by kinetics and allows to proceeds only in soft and flexible polymers. In this review, recent attempts to strengthen autonomous healing polymers and design strategies of rigid polymers that can heal by ubiquitous stimuli such as heat and immersion in solvent, solution of crosslinking agent and water. Keywords: Self-healing / Dynamic Bond / Mechanical Strength / Autonomous Healing / Water-Assisted Healing |
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