| 高分子 Vol.66 No.11 |
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特集 プラスアルファによる高分子素材革命
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| ナノコンポジットゲルの創製と展開 Creation of Nanocomposite Gels and its Developments |
原口和敏 Kazutoshi HARAGUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ この十数年の高分子ヒドロゲルの研究進展は目覚ましく、いくつもの新規ゲルが提案されてきた。その中で、重要な一角を占める有機－無機複合ヒドロゲルの基礎となったナノコンポジット（NC）ゲルについて、その特異的なネットワーク構造とNCゲルの最近の展開について紹介する。 Keywords: Hydrogel / Nanocomposite / Clay / Network Structure / Stimuli-responsive / Mechanical Toughness / Self-organization / N-isopropylacrylamide |
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| デンドリマーの分子内ポテンシャル構造と機能 Designing Intramolecular Potential Structure by Utilizing Dendrimers |
アルブレヒト建・山元公寿 Ken ALBRECHT, Kimihisa YAMAMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ 単結合連鎖をもつ一般的な高分子は溶液中でさまざまなコンホメーションを取り得るため、物性の精密な制御は容易ではない。これに対しπ共役と樹状構造導入により高分子鎖の構造安定性を高め、分子内のポテンシャル設計を機能発現に繋げることが可能になる。本稿ではπ共役デンドリマーを用いて分子内ポテンシャルを制御することで、酵素機能や電子・発光機能までを実現した例を紹介する。 Keywords: Dendrimer / Potential Programming / Phenylazomethine / Carbazole / Biomimetics / Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence / Molecular Recognition / Nanoparticle |
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| 有機－無機ナノハイブリッド粒子の創出 Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrid Particles |
藤井秀司 Syuji FUJII |
| ＜要旨＞ 近年のめざましい高分子合成化学、界面化学の発展により、有機成分・無機成分がナノメートル次元で複合化した機能性ナノハイブリッドの微粒子形態での合成が実現されるようになってきた。さらに、さまざまな学術・工業分野においてナノハイブリッド粒子の応用研究が始まっている。本稿では、ナノハイブリッド粒子の合成法について概説する。 Keywords: Nanohybrid / Particle / Colloid / Dispersion / Interface / Morphology / Polymer Chemistry / Polymerization |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 細胞と高分子 Cells and Polymers |
松﨑典弥 Michiya MATSUSAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ Cell functions are controlled by fabrication of layer-by-layer nanofilms on cell membranes. We applied this method to construct 3D-tissues for pharmaceutical assessments. Keywords: Cell / Polymer / Extracellular Matrix / Layer-by-Layer / Three-Dimensional Tissues / Human Tissue Model / Pharmaceutical Assessment |
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| バイオミネラルとの複合化による高分子材料の高機能化 Functionalization of Polymeric Materials via Surface Modification with Biominerals |
大矢根綾子 Ayako OYANE |
| ＜要旨＞ Apatite (a human biomineral) exhibits good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, and has long been used in dental and orthopedic applications. Liquid-phase apatite coating processes using supersaturated calcium phosphate (CaP) solutions are useful in surface functionalization of polymeric materials. We have developed two simple processes for apatite coatings: a precursor-assisted process and a laser-assisted process. In the precursor-assisted process, a polymer substrate is precoated with amorphous CaP nanoparticles by alternate dipping in calcium and phosphate solutions, followed by immersion in a supersaturated CaP solution. In the laser-assisted process, a polymer substrate that is immersed in a supersaturated CaP solution is irradiated with weak pulsed laser light for several tens of minutes. Using such processes, apatite coating has been applied to a variety of polymeric materials including a biodegradable polymer (PCL, PLGA, collagen, etc) scaffold, an artificial tendon, and a cell culture plate. These coating processes and the resulting polymers with functionalized surfaces have the potential for use in a wide variety of biomedical applications. Keywords: Apatite / Calcium Phosphate / Biomimetic Process / Coating / Composite / Scaffold / Laser / Gene |
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| タンパク質と界面活性剤とのハイブリッド流体材料 Hybrid Fluid Material of Proteins and Surfactants |
野島達也 Tatsuya NOJIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ A high-protein content (max 311 mg/mL) water-immiscible fluid material, “Protein Condensate (PC)” is generated by the mixing of aqueous solutions of protein and both anionic and cationic surfactant. The formation of PC is contrary to the common knowledge of protein research, that is to say, surfactant improves the dispersibility and mediates the solubilization of protein in water. PC formation is not limited to particular proteins. We demonstrated that a wide variety of proteins form PC preserving the native structure and the activity. Although the combination of proteins and surfactants is a fairly common practice in protein research, PC formation is the first demonstration of a stable fluidic form of a complex of protein and surfactant occurring in water and segregated from the water. Keywords: Protein / Surfactant / Assembly / Phase Separation / Fluid Material / Soft Material / Protein Condensation |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 化学、ときどき製図 A Drawing Chemist |
原 光生 Mitsuo HARA |
| ＜要旨＞ This personal account describes a relationship between a chemist and drawing skills. Drawing cartoons was the author’s old hobby. In addition, the author also had learned drafting. These skills served the author well in designing and manufacturing illustrations, which can improve the quality of measurements. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 生物に倣う構造発色性材料 Bio-Inspired Structural Colored Materials |
竹岡敬和 Yukikazu TAKEOKA |
| ＜要旨＞ In this review paper, I introduce the preparation and the optical properties of bio-inspired structural colored materials using white and black materials. Stimulus-sensitive structural colors are regarded as very attractive new display and sensor components, but they suffer from generally high angular dependences. Recently, bio-inspired materials that display color appearance without angular dependence have been developed by using materials with a short-range order in their refractive index. Moreover, these colored materials change their brilliant structural colors depending on the environments, and may have a potential for the application as display and sensor components. Keywords: Bio-Inspired / Structural Color / Polymer Gel |
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