| POLYMERS Vol.68 No.5 |
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COVER STORY
Front Line of Materials for Green House Gas Separation |
| COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| Natural Resources Development and Global Warming | Izumi ICHINOSE |
| <Abstract> Oil and Gas are raw materials for various chemical products and important as primary energy source. However, their production often results in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and carbon dioxide. In order to reduce the emission volume, what are the present economically-available separation technologies? And what kinds of new technologies are required in near future? Statistical data of GHG emission in natural resources development and various efforts to reduce the emission are discussed with the expectation to polymer-based separation functional materials. Keywords: Oil & Gas / Methane Emission / Separation Technology |
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| Trends in R&D of Separation Materials for CO2 Capture | Ikuo TANIGUCHI |
| <Abstract> Effective CO2 separations would be crucial for implementation of CCUS (Carbon Capture and Utilization/Storage), which accounts for a large part of the total cost. Various CO2 capture technologies from mass emission sources have been investigated including absorption, adsorption, and membrane separations. Herein, recent trends in R&D of separation materials for CO2 capture are introduced. Keywords: Absorption / Adsorption / Amine / CO2 Capture / Cabon Capture and Storage / Utilization / Membrane |
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| COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| Photo-Responsive Porous Materials | Hiroshi SATO |
| <Abstract> Nanoporous compounds have been widely used because of their practical applications for gas storage, separation, and in molecular catalysis. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensively studied because of their high customizability for porous properties by choosing various combinations of organic ligands and metal ions. One of the unique features for PCPs/MOFs is their “responsive” nature of crystalline frameworks to external stimuli such as photoirradiation. Here, some recent achievements in our research group about photo-responsive crystalline materials for the control of molecular adsorption are reported. Keywords: Photo-Responsive Materials / Porous Materials / Porous Coordination Polymers / Metal-Organic Frameworks / Sorption |
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| Energy-Saving CO2 Capture using Solid Sorbents | Hidetaka YAMADA, Katsunori YOGO |
| <Abstract> CO2 capture using amine solid sorbents is an alternative method that avoids the energy penalty associated with conventional liquid absorbents, because solid sorbents have the advantages of low specific heat and low volatility. The Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) has been developing an amine-based solid sorbent system since 2010 on the basis of RITE’s novel amine absorbent and porous adsorbent technologies. In order to effectively reduce the regeneration energy and avoid amine degradation, we demonstrated a unique strategy for adopting low-temperature processes through the modification of a polyamine by attaching hindered functional groups to the terminal primary amino groups. In this report, we show the peformance of our solid sorbents and the current status of the R&D project, aiming to establish a solid sorbent system that captures CO2 from coal-fired power plants. Keywords: Absorption / Adsorption / Amine / Porous Material / Post-Combustion CO2 Capture / Steam-Aided Vacuum Swing Adsorption |
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| Effective Dispersion of Nano-Sized MOF Particles in Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) Leading to an Acceleration of Scale-up Membrane-Based Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology | Easan SIVANIAH |
| <Abstract> Nowadays a commercial polymer shows rather acceptable gas selectivity and further enhancement of permeability has been earnestly demanded in reducing the membrane area for energy-efficient CO2 capture. Here we report an example of an emerging favourable synergy for application of gas separation mixed matrix membrane (MMM) between high-permeability polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) and amine-functionalized nano-size-controlled filler. Usually porous additives are employed with intention of enhancing gas permeability with polymers of low intrinsic permeability. While in the case of this study, an effective improvement of selectivity was achieved by adding size controlled filler to rather high-permeability of the porous matrix polymer. The enhancement of selectivity became grater by utilizing (amine) functionalized filler of reduced particle size, which turned out to be well-dispersed in the polymer matrices with formation of less voids at PIM/filler interfaces resulting in significant decrease of non-selective gas permeation through those defects. Keywords: Carbon Capture / Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) / Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM) / Size-Controlled Filler / Gas Permeability / Selectivity / Interface / Defects |
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| Development of Carbon Membrane Module for Gas Separation | Miki YOSHIMUNE |
| <Abstract> Carbon membranes are a type of inorganic membranes in which the active separation layer consists of carbon or carbides. Carbon membranes have excellent gas and vapor separation performances due to the molecular sieve effect. Carbon membranes can be applied to the separation of corrosive gases and organic solvents by taking advantage of the chemical resistance of carbon. This article summarizes our recent research and the development of carbon membrane modules from a practical application perspective is also discussed. Keywords: Carbon Membrane / Molecular Sieve / Gas Separation / Hollow Fiber / Poly(phenylene oxide) |
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| Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| Personality and Passion | Daisuke AOKI |
| <Abstract> I cannot do research alone, and thus I am very grateful for the great opportunity to work on polymer chemistry and to those people, who constantly guide, help, and evaluate me, and who provide me constructive criticism on my work. As a token of gratitude, I would like to be a researcher who makes an impact on the next generation. |
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| Front-Line Polymer Science |
| Next-Generation Electropolymerization | Shinsuke INAGI |
| <Abstract> Bipolar electrochemistry, which involves redox reactions on a wireless electrode (bipolar electrode) in low concentration of supporting electrolyte, has attracted much attention due to its versatile use in interdisciplinary fields ranging from analytical chemistry to materials science. In this article, we focus on the recent progress in electropolymerization of aromatic monomers using bipolar electrochemistry (bipolar electropolymerization). Site-selective modification of conductors, such as carbon nanotubes, metal plates and particles with conducting polymers is realized. Conducting polymer fiber formation by alternating-current bipolar electropolymerization is also included. Keywords: Conducting Polymer / Electrolysis / Electropolymerization / Functional Material / Oxidation / Hybrid Material / Bipolar Electrode / Polymer Fiber |
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