| 高分子 Vol.69 No.3 |
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特集 未来を照らす新しい電池
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 固体高分子形および固体アルカリ型燃料電池の進化を支える高分子電解質膜の展開 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Solid Alkaline Fuel Cells |
山口 猛央・宮西 将史 Takeo YAMAGUCHI, Masashi MIYANISHI |
| ＜要旨＞ 大規模に再生可能エネルギーを用いるには、燃料電池および水電解技術が必要であり、それらのデバイス性能を左右する電解質膜はとても重要になっている。ここでは、燃料電池を中心に、デバイス全体から考え、高い性能と高い耐久性を両立するための電解質膜および電解質ポリマーに関して解説する。 Keywords: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell / Solid Alkaline Fuel Cell / Membrane / Pore Filling Membrane / Anion Exchange Membrane |
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| カーボネート型固体高分子電解質の特性と応用 Properties and Applications of Carbonate-Based Polymer Electrolytes |
富永 洋一 Yoichi TOMINAGA |
| ＜要旨＞ 固体高分子電解質（SPE）は、無機固体電解質（ハードイオニクス）と並び次世代電池に貢献するソフトイオニクスとして近年注目され、電池の薄型・軽量化や作製工程の簡素化を可能にし、ウェアラブルエレクトロニクスの発展に寄与する新材料として期待されている。本稿では、新規SPE高分子である脂肪族ポリカーボネートについて解説する。 Keywords: Solid Polymer Electrolyte / Ion-Conductive Polymer / Concentrated Electrolyte / Aliphatic Polycarbonate / CO2/Epoxide Copolymer / Lithium Battery / Lithium Transference Number / Oxidation Stability |
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| 有機ポリマー電池の研究動向 Progress in Organic Polymer Batteries |
小柳津 研一 Kenichi OYAIZU |
| ＜要旨＞ 電極活物質として用いられるレドックス高分子について紹介し、高出力、薄型、フレキシブル・ストレッチャブルといった特徴を有する有機ポリマー電池の現状と研究動向について述べる。高速充放電メディエータ、有機レドックスフロー電池、超リチオ化（superlithiation）など最近の話題についても触れる。 Keywords: Redox Polymer / Charge Transport / Charge Storage / Mediator / Fast Charging / Redox Flow Battery / Superlithiation / Organic Polymer Battery |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 燃えにくい新規電解質を用いた高安全高エネルギー密度リチウムイオン二次電池の開発 Development of a Highly Safe and High Energy Density Lithium Battery using a New, Hardly Combustible Electrolyte |
宇根本 篤・川治 純・奥村 壮文・本間 格 Atsushi UNEMOTO, Jun KAWAJI, Takefumi OKUMURA, Itaru HONMA |
| ＜要旨＞ In this study, a novel quasi-solid-state electrolyte, whose lithium-ion conducting liquid was quasi-solidified at oxide particle surfaces, was developed. As the lithium-ion conducting liquid, solvate ionic liquid, comprised of an equimolar complex of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide and tetraglyme, was used. The resultant electrolyte, possessing solid-like high safety and liquid-like high lithium-ion conductivity, was used for 100 Wh and 363 Wh L－1-class high-capacity lithium battery assembly. The assembled battery exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 32 Ah with an average voltage of 3.67 V. Regardless of high energy-type, the discharge capacity remained as high as 26.2 Ah at 2 C. Repeated operation was also successfully demonstrated. The 118th discharge capacity retention ratio was as high as 96%. The developed lithium battery generated neither fire nor smoke in a nail-penetration test, suggesting that the developed lithium battery has high safety. Keywords: Lithium-Ion Battery / High Capacity / High Energy Density / Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte / Safety / Nail-Penetration Test |
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| アニオン導電性高分子薄膜の設計とアルカリ形燃料電池への展開 Effective Molecular Design of Anion Conductive Polymers for Alkaline Fuel Cells |
三宅 純平・宮武 健治 Junpei MIYAKE, Kenji MIYATAKE |
| ＜要旨＞ An anion conductive polymer is one of the key materials in alkaline fuel cells. While a number of molecular designs have been made, ionic conductivity and stability of the existing anion conductive polymers are insufficient. In this article, an effective molecular design for improving the properties of anion conductive polymers is described. A novel copolymer (QPAF-4) functions well in an operating fuel cell, not only as a membrane but also as a catalyst binder. Well-balanced combination of the polymer main chain (composed of aromatic rings and perfluoroalkylene groups without any heteroatom linkages) and the cationic groups (pendant trimethylammonium head groups with an alkylene spacer) was effective to improve the properties for alkaline fuel cells. Keywords: Anion Conductive Polymers / Fuel Cells / Membranes / Ionomers |
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| 柔らかい固体電解質「柔粘性結晶」を用いた蓄電デバイスの開発 Development of Rechargeable Devices Using Plastic Crystals as Flexible Solid Electrolytes |
藤田 正博 Masahiro YOSHIZAWA-FUJITA |
| ＜要旨＞ Plastic crystals including ionic compounds have recently been studied as a new class of ion conductors due to their partly liquid-like degrees of freedom that lead to high small-ion mobility such as for lithium ions and protons. In particular, organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are attractive materials as solid electrolytes because they are non-volatile, which is a desirable safety feature of electrochemical devices. OIPCs typically have disk and/or spherical shapes in ionic structures. Recently, we synthesized novel OIPCs based on pyrrolidinium salts. They exhibit a high ionic conductivity value at room temperature. On the other hand, in order to improve the mechanical properties of OIPCs, we prepared polymer composites. A PVDF nanofiber matrix is beneficial for the preparation of ultrathin flexible electrolyte membranes. Recently, further progress has been made using PVDF nanoparticles. The interfacial interaction between the polymer surface and the OIPC component ions improved not only the mechanical properties but also the ionic conductivity. Keywords: Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals / Mesophase / Solid-State Electrolytes / Rechargeable Devices / Li-Ion Batteries |
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| 新たな水電解システムと高分子化学 Polymeric Materials for New Water Electrolyzer Cell |
西原 正通・寺山 友規 Masamichi NISHIHARA, Yuki TERAYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ We developed a new water electrolysis system, a water-absorbing porous electrolyte electrolysis cell. In this water electrolysis system, pressurized water can be supplied to a porous hydrophilic electrolyte. To realize this water electrolysis system, we developed several components which were made of polymeric materials. A hydrophobic gas diffusion layer (GDL) for this electrolyzer was made by mixing solution of acetylene black, PTFE particles and PVDF. The obtained hydrophobic GDL showed an improved water-resistancy, lower electric resistance and lower gas permeability for this electrolyzer. The catalyst layer was also developed with a mixture of PtC, PTFE particles and PVDF to keep enough hydrophobicity. The electrolyte layer was produced from a porous zeolite as a proton conductor and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a polymer matrix. Even though a porous proton conductive electrolyte membrane was used, this electrolyte system worked successfully. This cell is very unique and has the potential to widely expand hydrogen production systems, because we can apply different polymeric materials for this cell system. Keywords: Water-Absorbing Porous Electrolyte Electrolysis Cell / Hydrogen Production |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 起き上がり小法師のように Toward a Free-Standing and Self-Righting Polymer |
高井 淳朗 Atsuro TAKAI |
| ＜要旨＞ In this essay, I look back on my academic career and describe my determination to become a free-standing and worldwide recognized researcher with an indomitable spirit, comparing it to traditional Japanese crafts “Okiagari-koboshi （self-righting doll）”. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 高分子を利用したナノDDS Nano DDS Based on Polymer Technology |
西山 伸宏 Nobuhiro NISHIYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ The study on nano-scaled drug delivery system (nanoDDS) has steadily progressed, and its importance is increasing in the biomedical fields. Especially, new-modality drugs such as nucleic acid drugs and gene therapy has been receiving great attention, and nanoDDS should be indispensable for the realization of their clinical application. In addition, the combination of nanoDDS and medical devices is expected to realize new cancer diagnosis and treatment. This paper outlines the progress of nanoDDS research, especially focusing on the synthetic polymer-based technologies, and future prospects together with the results of recent studies in the related fields. Keywords: Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) / Biomedical Polymers / Polymeric Micells / Cancer Therapy / Cancer Diagnosis / Necleic Acids / Medical Devices |
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