| 高分子 Vol.69 No.9 |
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特集 賢い高分子
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 分子間相互作用を利用したスマートポリマー Smart Polymers Using Molecular Interactions |
宮田 隆志 Takashi MIYATA |
| ＜要旨＞ 温度やpH、生体分子などの外部刺激に応答するスマートポリマーは、DDSやセンサー、細胞培養などに利用できるバイオマテリアルとして世界中で研究されている。これまでに、分子間相互作用の利用によりミセルや粒子、薄膜、ゲルなどのナノ・マイクロ・マクロスケールのスマートポリマーが設計され、革新的な医療技術につながると期待されている。 Keywords: Smart Polymer / Stimuli-Responsive Polymer / Molecular Interaction / Biomaterial / Drug Delivery System / Sensor / Cell Regulation |
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| 生体膜を基盤とするインテリジェントハイブリッドの創製とバイオ応用 Intelligent Nanohybrids Based on Biomembranes for Potential Biomedical Applications |
佐々木 善浩 Yoshihiro SASAKI |
| ＜要旨＞ 外界の環境変化に応答し、変幻自在にその形態（モルフォロジー）や機能を変化させる生体膜は、天然における究極の「賢い分子システム」と捉えることができる。本稿では、この生体膜を基盤とし、人工細胞膜としてのリポソームやエクソソームと、無機物や高分子とのハイブリッドによる機能化、膜モルフォロジー制御、膜タンパク質との複合化などについて概説する。 Keywords: Biomembrane / Smart Molecular System / Liposome / Exosome / Membrane Morphology / Membrane Protein |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 再生医療や疾患研究のための生体機能性材料 Biofunctional Materials for Regenerative Medicine and Disease Researches |
山本 雅哉・森本 展行 Masaya YAMAMOTO, Nobuyuki MORIMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ The biological system constructed through evolution for many years functions extremely precisely. This function is realized by “smart materials” based on multi-dimensions, multi-hierarchies, and multi-scales, from molecules to macro-level. Biofunctional materials have been widely designed by either mimicking the biological system or modulating biological functions. Their application is extremely wide, ranging from medicine such as biomaterials to industry such as biomimetic materials. In this article, we introduce several polymeric biofunctional materials to be used for regenerative medicine and disearse researches. Keywords: Biofunctional Materials / Biomaterials / Regenerative Medicine / In vitro Disease Model / Stimuli-Responsive Polymers |
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| 刺激応答性高分子を用いたバイオセパレーション Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Bioseparation |
長瀬 健一・金澤 秀子 Kenichi NAGASE, Hideko KANAZAWA |
| ＜要旨＞ Recently, biopharmaceuticals and therapeutic cells have been effective drugs for treating intractable diseases. In their production of them, effective separation methods without losing biological activity are strongly demanded. In this issue, we reported the recently developed bioseparation methods using thermoresponsive polymers. Compound of cold medicines were separated using chromatography columns prepared by packing of thermoresponsive polymer modified beads and anionic polymer modified beads. Proteins were separated with temperature-responsive mixed mode chromatography columns using silica beads modifeid with mixed polymer brush composed of thermoresponsive and cationic polymers. Cells for vascular tissue engineering were separated using thermoresponsive anionic polymer brush modified glass plates. Additionally, temperature-modulated cell separation column was developed using thermoresponsive cationic copolymer modified beads as packing materials. These findings suggested that the developed bioseparations using thermoresponsive polymers would be effective separation techniques for various types of biopharmaceuticals and therapeutic cells. Keywords: Thermoresponsive Polymer / Bioseparation / Polymer Brush / Biopharmaceuticals / Regenerative Medicine / Tissue Engineering / Chromatography |
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| 分解応答性ポリロタキサンの生体材料・医薬応用 Biomaterials and Pharmaceutical Applications of Stimuli-Labile Polyrotaxanes |
田村 篤志・由井 伸彦 Atsushi TAMURA, Nobuhiko YUI |
| ＜要旨＞ Polyrotaxanes are a class of supermolecules composed of many cyclic molecules threaded onto a linear polymer chain capped with bulky stopper molecules. Because the cyclic molecules are mechanically interlocked onto the axle polymer, the polyrotaxanes-based materials show unique functions compared with conventional polymers. The stimuli-induced dissociation character of polyrotaxanes is acquired when biocleavable linkers are introduced in the axle polymer or bulky stoppers. Because the degradation mechanism for the cleavable polyrotaxanes are essentially different from conventional biodegradable polymers, the cleavable polyrotaxanes have great potential in the field of biomaterials and pharmaceutics. In this review, the design of stimuli-labile polyrotaxanes and their biomaterials and pharmaceutical applications are described. Keywords: Polyrotaxane / Cyclodextrin / Supermolecule / Biodegradability / Biomaterials / Drug Delivery System / Cholesterol |
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| 細胞の界面ではたらくスマートポリマー Smart Polymer Functioning on Cellular Surface |
寺村 裕治・石原 一彦 Yuji TERAMURA, Kazuhiko ISHIHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ Polymer materials, which are bio-inspired by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) can stimulate cells to realize highly organized structures of living cells. For example, poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated phospholipid (PEG-lipid) is interacting with the cellular membrane by weak hydrophobic interaction, and the PEG-lipid carrying functional molecules can be available for mimicking CAMs like selectin, cadherin. Combination of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) with PEG-lipid can induce specific cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell interaction like cadherins, which make it possible to form 2D and 3D cell structures. In addition, the use of oligopeptides, which has a high affinity for selectin, can be used to induce those specific cellular interactions like cadherin. Thus, those bio-inspired polymer materials can be useful for the fields of biomedical and bioelectronics etc. Keywords: PEG-Lipid / Amphiphilic Polymer / Cell Adhesion Molecules / Cell Adhesion / Cell-Cell Interaction |
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| 水中で自走するタンパク質マイクロチューブモーター Self-Propelled Protein Microtube Motors in Water |
小松 晃之 Teruyuki KOMATSU |
| ＜要旨＞ Cylindrical hollow structures can perform different tasks in three separate locations: the inner surface, tube wall, and outer surface. Self-propelled microtube motors have been of particular interest recently. Using wet-template synthesis with layer-by-layer assembly in a track-etched polycarbonate membrane, we fabricated protein microtube motors having an internal wall composed of Pt nanoparticles or catalase. The obtained tubules (1.2 μm outer diameter, 24 μm length) are self-propelled in aqueous H2O2 solution by jetting O2 bubbles from the open-end terminus. The microtube motors can capture E. coli and hemagglutinin (virus surface protein). Furthermore, the self-stirring motion of the enzyme-covered microtubes accelerated the catalytic reaction. The protein microtube motors having a urease interior surface swam smoothly with non-bubble propulsion in urea solution. The most important advantage of the all-protein microtubes would be possible immobilization of different enzymes with the desired arrangement in the stratiform wall, which can accomplish a functional relay of sequential enzyme reactions. Keywords: Proteins / Enzymes / Microtubes / Layer-by-Layer Assembly / Self-Propulsion / Pt Nanoparticles / Catalase / Urease |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 広大な化学の世界で In Spacious Chemistry World |
雨森 翔悟 Shogo AMEMORI |
| ＜要旨＞ In my research career, I sometimes have struggled with the originality of my study due to a profoundness of chemistry. However I believe that huge fact knowledge in chemistry helps us to create a novel idea and overcome experimental problems. I want to be a researcher gracefully swimming in the spacious chemistry world. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 精密重合を基礎とした生体機能材料 Controlled Polymerization for Development of Biofunctional Polymers |
三浦 佳子・星野 友 Yoshiko MIURA, Yu HOSHINO |
| ＜要旨＞ Controlled polymerization enables synthetic polymers with precise structures, which have the potential for excellent bio-functional materials. This review summarizes the applications of controlled polymers, especially those via living radical polymerization, to biofunctional polymers. In the case of synthetic polymer ligands, the polymers controlled the interaction with proteins based on well-defined structures. The polymer fusion with biopolymers and cells were also investigated via controlled polymerization. The polymer conjugations are advantageous for the development of biofunctional polymers and useful for understanding biology. Keywords: Living Radical Polymerization / Biofunctional Polymer / Glycopolymer / Discrete Oligomer / Protein Modification / Antibody Modification / Cell Surface Engineering |
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