| 高分子 Vol.69 No.11 |
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特集 リサイクル ～つくる責任つかう責任～
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 亜臨界・超臨界流体を用いた廃プラスチックスのリサイクル Recycling of Waste Plastics Using Sub- and Supercritical Fluids |
佐古 猛・岡島 いづみ Takeshi SAKO, Idzumi OKAJIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ 廃プラスチックのリサイクルの中で、水やアルコール等の亜臨界・超臨界流体を用いてプラスチックを加溶媒分解し、モノマーや油分を生成するケミカルリサイクル技術を紹介する。ここでは重縮合ポリマーのPETとポリアミド、リサイクルが難しい複合材料中の熱硬化性樹脂の加溶媒分解に焦点を当てて説明する。 Keywords: Supercritical Fluids / Subcritical Fluids / Waste Plastics / Monomerization / Decomposition / PET / Polyamide / CFRP |
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| ポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩素反応を利用したリサイクル Recycling of Polyvinyl Chloride using Dechlorination |
吉岡 敏明・熊谷 将吾・齋藤 優子 Toshiaki YOSHIOKA, Shogo KUMAGAI, Yuko SAITO |
| ＜要旨＞ 処理リサイクルが困難なポリ塩化ビニル（PVC）のリサイクルについて、脱塩素反応を利用した有効利用性について紹介した。とくに、塩素を脱離させることで上流産業のプロセスに適用させて循環するための技術コンセプトやアップグレーディング、あるいはほかの廃棄物処理への利用などを通じて、PVCリサイクルの可能性を示した。 Keywords: PVC / Chlorine Circulation / Dechlorination / Chemical Recycling |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 高分子の自己再生能力と高度マテリアルリサイクル Self-Resilience Ability of Polymers and Advanced Mechanical Recycling |
八尾 滋・パントン パチヤ Shigeru YAO, Patchiya PHANTHONG |
| ＜要旨＞ Recently, the load of plastics on the environment has become a big problem. Mechanical recycling is drawing attention as a means for solving this problem, however it has been considered that there is no effective means for solving the deterioration of physical properties. In this paper, we introduce the advanced material recycling process that enables us to improve the physical properties by utilizing the self-resilience ability of polymers that we recently found. Keywords: Self-Resilience Ability / Mechanical Recycle / Physical Degradation / Physical Regeneration / Extruder |
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| タイヤゴムの新脱架橋技術 New Devulcanization Methods for Tire Rubber |
北條 将広・多賀谷 英幸 Masahiro HOJO, Hideyuki TAGAYA |
| ＜要旨＞ We have developed a new tire rubber devulcanization method toward the realization of a Circular Economy. This devulcanization method makes it possible to obtain a recycled rubber having a higher molecular weight than ever before, without using any special chemicals other than the organic solvent. In particular, it was confirmed that the decrosslinking reaction proceeds efficiently while maintaining the polymer molecular weight in a specific fatty alcohol under an air atmosphere at 200℃. Keywords: Circular Economy / Devulcanization / Fatty Alcohol |
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| PET分解酵素の活性を劇的に向上させる方法の開発 Acceleration of Enzymatic PET Hydrolysis by the Addition of Surfactants |
川上 了史・宮本 憲二 Norifumi KAWAKAMI, Kenji MIYAMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ Poly（ethylene terephthalate） （PET） is a synthetic polymer with high stability and transparency, useful for various purposes, resulting in a wide spread of PET-based commercial products in society. The efficient degradation of PET is thus important for implementing a sustainable society. Enzymatic degradation of PET is one of the most prominent approaches for this purpose. We have recently found that enzymatic PET hydrolysis can be accelerated by non-covalent modification of PET surfaces using alkyl surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. Specifically, the surfactants were incubated with PET prior to the addition of enzymes. As a result, the catalytic activity of PETase, a PET specific hydrolase, was improved 120-fold compared with the reaction in the absence of surfactants. The possible interpretation of this acceleration effect was that the surfactant mediated the interaction between hydrophilic enzymes and hydrophobic PET substrate. Therefore, if we could design the surfactant molecule more efficiently enhancing the interactions, the PET hydrolysis would be further accelerated. Keywords: PET / PET Hydrolase / Surfactants / PETase |
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| A Solvent-based Method to Purify Recycled PP | John M. LAYMAN and Dimitris I. COLLIAS |
| ＜要旨＞ Solvent-based purification processes provide a non-chemical, lower-energy pathway to recycle waste plastics. The process shared in this article is based on the use of a hydrocarbon solvent at elevated temperature and pressure, and a novel combination of standard chemical engineering unit operations, such as liquid – liquid extraction, sedimentation, size exclusion and adsorbent filtrations, and devolatilization. These processes purify the recycled plastic via removal of odor, volatile organic chemicals, and other organic and particulate contaminants and additives. The initial focus of this technology is on polypropylene （PP）； however, purifications of other polymers are also possible. Keywords: Solvent-Based Recycling / Sustainability / Plastics Recycling / Circular Economy / Polypropylene |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 火事場の馬鹿力 Incredible Power |
闞 凱 Kai KAN |
| ＜要旨＞ I experienced “incredible power” throughout my research life. This power was a fortunate power, that gave me happiness from failure to succeed in my direction of research. I would like to explain this “incredible power” in two awesome research experiences in my heartfelt emotion. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 持続可能な社会における高分子の使い方：繊維強化プラスチック（FRP）のリサイクル技術の現状 Role of Polymers in a Sustainable Society: Current Situation of Fiber Reinforced Plastics Recycling |
加茂 徹 Tohru KAMO |
| ＜要旨＞ The market size of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) is expected to expand significantly in near future owing to their distinguished mechanical properties as a material. However, FRP is one of the most difficult plastics for recycling and the majority of the waste FRP is currently deposited in land fills. In the recycling of printed circuit boards (PCB), increasing value of the liquid product derived from pyrolysis of the PCB by debromination is required. And in the recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), the development technology for recovering carbon fibers with minimal degradation of their physical properties is important. In this article, the latest research works using pyrolysis, solvolysis, and super critical solvents for recycling of PCB and CFRP are introduced. To ensure the continued use of FRP, it is important not only to develop recycling technologies, but also to reduce the environmental load of the entire life cycle of the materials, including production, use, recovery and recycling. Keywords: Recycle / CFRP / Carbon Fiber / Wast Plastics / Epoxy Resin / Pyrolysis / Solbolysis / Super Critical Solvent |
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