| 高分子 Vol.72 No.2 |
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特集 放射光を用いた構造と機能の新しい見方
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| 軟X線顕微分光 Soft X-Ray Microscopy |
山根 宏之 Hiroyuki YAMANE |
| ＜要旨＞ 放射光を利用したX線顕微分光では、高い検出感度での元素分析を行うことができ、集光X線ビームを用いたX線吸収分光による微小領域の化学状態を調べることができる。このような特徴から、国内外の放射光施設でX線顕微分析装置の整備や開発が進められている。本稿では、軟X線領域のX線顕微分光について、近年の研究動向と展望を紹介する。 Keywords: Soft X-Ray Microscopy / Synchrotron Radiation |
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| 実材料の4DX線CT観察 Development of Millisecond Temporal-Resolution 4D X-Ray Tomography |
矢代 航 Wataru YASHIRO |
| ＜要旨＞ 高輝度放射光を用いたミリ秒オーダー時間分解能の4D（3D＋時間）X線CT（試料高速回転および試料無回転）について紹介する。本研究により、ソフトマテリアルの破壊の瞬間など、実材料・非平衡系の非繰り返し現象のリアルタイム4D観察が可能となり、非平衡系マテリアルズ・インフォマティクスの創生など、さまざまな展開が期待されている。 Keywords: X-Rays / Imaging / Tomography / Synchrotron Radiation / Millisecond / Multi-Beam / Tensile Fracture / Rubber |
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| テンダー・軟X線領域の小角散乱・反射率測定の進捗 Progress in X-Ray Scattering and Reflectivity Utilizing Resonant Tender and Soft X-Rays |
山本 勝宏 Katsuhiro YAMAMOTO |
| ＜要旨＞ X線散乱法による高分子構造解析はすでに汎用化している。高分子材料においては硬X線ではその構造（電子密度空間揺らぎ）をグレースケールで捉えることになる。しかし、用いるX線エネルギーを軟X線（数百eV）からテンダーX線（1～5 keV）に拡張することで、炭素から硫黄、ナトリウムに至るまで比較的軽元素の構造中における分布状態を元素選択的に解析可能になる。埋没していた構造情報を直接引き出せるテンダー・軟X線による構造解析に新たな道を拓く。 Keywords: Tender X-Rays / SAXS / X-Ray Reflectometry / Anomalous Scattering / Grazing Incidence SAXS / Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| X線光子相関分光法で捉える硬化過程のダイナミクス Dynamics in the Curing Process of Thermosetting Epoxy Resins by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy |
山本 渥史・岡本 泰志・星野 大樹 Atsushi YAMAMOTO, Yasushi OKAMOTO, Taiki HOSHINO |
| ＜要旨＞ Epoxy resins are used in many kinds of applications and industries because of their excellent properties. Here, we introduce a case of evaluating the dynamics in the curing process of a thermosetting epoxy resin using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). We found heterogeneous dynamics in the curing process of epoxy resin that differed greatly with the curing temperature. These information lead to an understanding of the mechanisms of network formation in the curing process, and can be useful as a new point of view for achieving targeted properties in the design of epoxy composition and curing processes. Keywords: Microscopic Dynamics / Heterogeneity / Curing Process / Network Formation / Thermosetting Epoxy Resins / Coherent X-Ray / X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy |
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| 小径放射光ビームを用いたゴムの解析事例 X-Ray Small Beam Analyses of Rubber |
丸山 隆之 Takayuki MARUYAMA |
| ＜要旨＞ Synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray small beams are effectively used to analyse fine inhomogeneity in rubber samples. The high brilliance of the infrared SR beams enables spectromicroscopy of small organic particles with some diffusive ingredients in a rubber with spatial resolution higher than 3 micron at transmitted light mode that is suitable for avoiding bleed interference. Strain-induced crystallization over a crack tip area is successfully observed in a carbon black filled natural rubber by a SR X-ray diffraction mapping technique with a 2 micron beam focused by a Fresnel zone plate. Complex interface structure of a particle combined among organic and inorganic additives in a rubber is clearly imaged with details by a focused-beam microscope CT through Zernike phase contrast with a high spatial resolution less than 200 nm. Keywords: Rubber / Synchrotron Radiation / Microbeam / Infrared Spectroscopy / WAXD / Microscopy |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 予想外の研究キャリア Unpredictable Career as a Researcher |
鈴木 祥仁 Yasuhito SUZUKI |
| ＜要旨＞ When I was an undergraduate student, I accidentally found a short comment by P. W. Anderson published in Science in 1995 that tells how important, difficult and interesting the nature of glass transition is. This comment caught my attention. Since then, my unpredictable journey as a researcher began. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| PoLyInfoと機械学習 PoLyInfo and Machine Learning |
石井 真史 Masashi ISHII |
| ＜要旨＞ In recent years, there has been growing interest in materials informatics and machine learning in the field of polymers. On the other hand, reflecting the variety of polymers, the lack of systematic data and the difficulty of integrating data in a single format to cover such data have become a problem. The National Institute for Materials Science has collected polymer data from papers over a long period of time and published them in a database called “PoLyInfo”. Here, we summarize the position of PoLyInfo in the global polymer database, the characteristics of PoLyInfo from the viewpoint of informatics, and related results. In particular, it will provide an overview of what is needed to extract the process-structure-property combination that is necessary for machine-readable representation of materials, with a view toward the future target of polymer informatics. Keywords: PoLyInfo / Materials Informatics / Database / Machine Learning / Process-Structure-Property |
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