| 高分子 Vol.72 No.10 |
| >> Japanese | >> English |
特集 人と地球をつなぐ高分子
|
| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| リグニンの循環資源化 Lignin as Future Circulative Aromatic Carbon Resources |
高谷 光 Hikaru TAKAYA |
| ＜要旨＞ リグニンは、セルロースに次いで地球上で第2位の存在量を有する植物由来の炭素資源であり、未活用の芳香族性炭素資源として循環型社会実現の鍵を握る“人と地球をつなぐ高分子”である。リグニンを循環型芳香族資源として利活用するための化学的リグニン変換研究の最近の進展と展望について概説した。 Keywords: Lignin / Lignin First / Woody Biomass / Biorefinery / Cellulose / Hemicellulose / Recyclable Resource / Chemical Recycle |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| 植物由来化合物の精密重合 Precision Polymerization of Plant-Derived Compounds |
佐藤 浩太郎・久保 智弘 Kotaro SATOH, Tomohiro KUBO |
| ＜要旨＞ 近年、持続可能な高分子素材を開発するために、さまざまな取り組みが検討されつつある。植物など天然由来の物質を再生可能な原料として用いた新しいプラスチックを作ることも積極的に考えられるようになっている。本稿では、近年さまざまな試みがなされている植物由来化合物について、精密重合を用いた合成法を中心に最近の研究例を紹介する。 Keywords: Bio-Based Polymer, Precision Polymerization, Plant-Derived Renewable Monomer |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| 高分子膜によるCO2分離回収 CO2 Capture by Polymeric Membranes |
谷口 育雄 Ikuo TANIGUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ 次世代のCO2分離回収技術として膜分離法が着目されており、さまざまなCO2分離膜の研究開発が行われてきた。中でも高分子膜は、大面積化、大量生産性、製品安定性、および経済性などの観点から実用化に近いと考えられている。ここでは、CO2分離膜研究の変遷から、最新の研究開発事例、および研究開発の課題について概説する。 Keywords: CO2 / Diffusion / Gas Separation / Membrane / Permeability / Solubility / Selectivity |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| 生分解開始スイッチ・オン！ Stimuli-Mediated Biodegradation |
岩田 忠久 Tadahisa IWATA |
| ＜要旨＞ 使っているときは優れた機能を持続的に発揮し、環境中に流出した際には外部刺激で生分解が始まり、最終的には水と二酸化炭素に完全分解される夢のような生分解性プラスチックは開発できるであろうか。今まさに、生分解性プラスチックに求められる挑戦的な機能である「生分解開始スイッチ・オン！」の開発の現状を紹介したいと思う。 Keywords: Biodegradable Plastics / Biodegradation Stimuli / Biodegradation Mechanism / pH Stimuli / Enzyme-Embedded Biodegradable Plastic / Marine Biodegradation / Enzymatic Degradation |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 海洋生分解性プラスチックの開発 ～還元環境による生分解スイッチング～ Marine Biodegradable Plastics Triggered by a Switch Function in Response to Reductive Stimuli |
橘 熊野・筒場 豊和・粕谷 健一 Yuya TACHIBANA, Toyokazu TSUTSUBA, Ken-ichi KASUYA |
| ＜要旨＞ Although biodegradable plastics have been attracting attention as a solution to plastic pollution, some of them hardly degrade in the ocean. Our previous studies have shown that the rate-determining step of the environmental degradation depends on biological processes, which generate low molecular weight molecules. In order to ensure that plastics can be degraded anywhere, the steps that determine the rate of degradation should not depend on biological processes, but rather on environmental stimuli. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is a suitable environmental stimulus and the disulfide bond is known as a reduction-responsive group, which undergoes a reductive cleavage under low ORP condition to form two thiol groups. We demonstrated the biodegradation control of polyesters containing disulfide bonds and revealed that disulfide bonds in polymers can function as a switch for the initiation of biodegradation. Keywords: Biodegradable Polymer / Marine Degradation / Reductive Cleavage / Disulfide Bond / Switch Function / Poly(Butylene Succinate) |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| 高分子分子鋳型を用いた環境スクリーニング Screening for Environmental Pollutants Using Moleculaly Imprinted Polymers |
久保 拓也 Takuya KUBO |
| ＜要旨＞ Ministry of the Environment has encouraged to specify a substance that is required a risk management, seek an unknown substance and figure out their disposition on EXTEND 2022 and Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). This study constructed an innovational screening technique that can evaluate biding activity of receptors through only the result of chemical analysis using estrogen receptor (ER) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) that have a large number of reports on information of receptor structures. We developed the assessment technique of ER and TR biding activity using a method of like chromatography with a receptor imitated separation medium. Furthermore, identifying substances of ER or TR activity contribution in environmental analytes, we revealed disposition of compounds through animal experiments. This study makes possible an application for not only ER and TR but also chemical substances having a lot of receptors binding activity, opening the door to acquisition of academic perceptions such as a resolution for physiological mechanisms. Keywords: Molecularly Imprinting / Estrogen Receptor / Thyroid Hormone Receptor / Receptor Imitated / Chromatography / Screening |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| ポリグリコール酸のエネルギー事業への貢献 Contribution of Polyglycolic Acid to the Energy Business |
小林 卓磨 Takuma KOBAYASHI |
| ＜要旨＞ In recent years, biodegradable plastics have been attracting attention as a material that contributes to reducing environmental damage. Polyglycolic acid, PGA, one of such plastics, is biodegradable and has excellent mechanical properties, and applications that take advantage of these features in the field of hydrocarbon resource recovery. A frac plug is one of the tools used in the hydraulic fracturing process for shale gas and oil recovering. Non-degradable materials have been conventionally applied and a process of breaking them down with a specific tool is necessary when recovering resources. By applying degradable frac plugs made of PGA, the process can be eliminated or minimized because they can withstand high water pressure and automatically degrade. Temporary plugging materials are used when water leakage occurs while drilling a formation. Calcium carbonate is usually used, but acid treatment is required to remove them. Applying PGA as temporary plugging materials eliminates the acid treatment and contributes to high efficiency. Keywords: Polyglycolic Acid / Degradability / Gas and Oil Recovery |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 高分子と放射光で拓かれた道 My Eyes Opened by Polymer and Synchrotron X-Ray |
中西 洋平 Yohei NAKANISHI |
| ＜要旨＞ Polymers and synchrotron X-rays helped me to determine my career direction as a researcher. Making scientific contributions to spatial distribution and correlation analysis of sulfur and zinc in vulcanized EPDM rubber using μ-XRF is one of my major achievements. I started using neutron beam technology to investigate polymer microstructures as well. |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 前周期遷移金属錯体による炭素－水素結合活性化を鍵とする末端官能基化重合反応 End-Functionalized Polymerization via C-H Bond Activation Mediated by Early Transition Metal Complexes |
長江 春樹・真島 和志 Haruki NAGAE, Kazushi MASHIMA |
| ＜要旨＞ We review end-functionalized polymerizations via C-H bond activation mediated by early transition metal complexes. In the case of polyolefin synthesis, the C-H bond activation of an organic molecule is the key step to generate the corresponding complex that acts as an initiator. During the polymerization, the organic molecule performs as a chain-transfer agent to regenerate the initiator through s-bond metathesis between the C-H bond of the organic molecule and metal-carbon bond at the growth terminal. Recently, this excellent protocol was applied to alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides to give end-functionalied polycarbonate monools and telechelic polycarbonate diols. Keywords: End-Functionalized Polymerization / C-H Bond Activation / Early Transition Metal Complexes / Polyolefin / Polycarbonate / Carbon Dioxide / Epoxide / Alternating Copolymerization |
| ページトップへ▲ |
| Copyright(C) 2023 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan All Rights Reserved. |