| 高分子 Vol.72 No.11 |
| >> Japanese | >> English |
特集 固体高分子形燃料電池（PEFC）の現在
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| PEFC用高分子 膜とアイオノマの役割 The Role of Polymers, Membrane and Ionomer Used in PEFC |
篠原 朗大 Akihiro SHINOHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ 水素と空気中の酸素から電気エネルギーを得る燃料電池車（FCV）はクリーンなモビリティとして普及が進められている。FCVに搭載されている固体高分子形燃料電池（PEFC）には、膜とアイオノマの2種類の高分子が用いられている。これらの高分子の役割や求められる機能について紹介する。 Keywords: Fuel Cell / Polymer Electrolyte / Membrane / Ionomer / Catalyst Layer |
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| 高分子ナノファイバー複合電解質膜 Polymer Nanofiber Composite Electrolyte Membrane for Fuel Cell |
川上 浩良 Hiroyoshi KAWAKAMI |
| ＜要旨＞ 燃料電池の本格普及には、電解質膜の高性能化、高耐久性化、低コスト化の達成が不可欠である。しかしこれら3要素はTrade-Offの関係にあるため、新概念の創出が求められている。機能性ナノファイバーを基本骨格としてそのナノ空間に電解質高分子を複合化した電解質膜は、これら3要素を同時に達成できる新規膜として注目されている。 Keywords: Fuel Cell / Polymer Electrolyte Membrane / Percolation Transport / Nanofiber Framework / Blend Nanofiber / Proton Conductivity |
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| 次世代高分子電解質膜の研究開発 Research and Development of Next-Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membranes |
野呂篤史・梶田貴都 Atsushi NORO, Takato KAJITA |
| ＜要旨＞ 固体高分子形燃料電池の主要材料である高分子電解質膜は100℃以下の低温、高加湿下で使用することで高伝導性を発現するが、一方でこのような使用条件から脱却していくことも求められている。本展望では100℃以上の高温、低加湿下で伝導性を発現する電解質膜に関する研究を振り返り、実用に耐えうる次世代高分子電解質膜の開発指針について述べる。 Keywords: Fuel Cell / Polymer Electrolyte Membrane / Proton Conductivity / Humidity / Carbon Nutrality / Green Transformation / Vinyl Polymer / Ion Exchange Capacity |
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| 高分子電解質の気体透過性に注目した燃料電池の耐久性向上と高出力化 Importance of Gas Permeability of Polymer Electrolytes –For Durability and Fuel Cell Performance– |
西原 正通 Masamichi NISHIHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ Improvement of durability and performance on polymer electrolyte materials such as membranes (PEMs) and ionomers in fuel cells are critical issues for popularization of fuel cell technology. To solve strict targets, our group develops new ideas based on the mechanisms of chemical degradation and catalytic activity. These behaviors are strongly related to gas permeability of polymer electrolytes. In case of PEMs, oxygen permeation through PEMs is one of the reasons of PEM degradation. In case of ionomers, oxygen permeation through ionmers affects catalytic activity. Based on these facts, we developed new high gas barrier PEMs and high gas permeable ionomers. We could confirm the concept that high gas barrier PEMs show higher chemical durability than Nafion, and high gas permeable ionomers show higher performance than Nafion ionomer. These concepts are simple and applicable for many polymers, which could so far not be used in PEM and ionomer applications. We believe our concept will provide powerful tools for next generation fuel cell applications. Keywords: Polymer Electrolyte / Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) / Ionomer / Gas Permeability / PEM Durability / Performance / Fuel Cell |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 燃料電池自動車の世界動向と技術目標 Global Market Trends and Technical Targets of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles |
米田 雅一 Masakazu YONEDA |
| ＜要旨＞ The latest global market trends and technology targets of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) are reviewed. In the heavy duty transportations, FCEVs are considered superior to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) in terms of cruising range and energy charging time, so the hydrogen fuel cell is expected to be used as a powertrain for trucks, railroads, ships, construction machinery, and agricultural machinery. Recently, a technology development roadmap was announced for the full-scale spread of FC trucks in the future from New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), and targets for high performance and durability of FC stacks are presented. In this roadmap, in order to achieve the ambitious targets, the polymer electrolyte is required to improve proton conductivity in a wide temperature range ensuring long-term durability. Furthermore, countermeasures against Per- and PolyFluoroAlkyl Substances (PFAS) regulations are becoming a new issue. Keywords: FCEV / Market / Technical Target |
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| 燃料電池用フッ素系電解質ポリマー Fluorinated Polymer Electrolyte for PEFCs |
平居 丈嗣 Takeshi HIRAI |
| ＜要旨＞ Perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymers (PFSAs) are essential materials in modern society as they are the only suitable materials for use in membranes for chlor-alkali electrolysis, a process that produces caustic soda and chlorine, which are essential raw materials in the chemical industry. PFSAs are also used in proton exchange membranes, a critical component of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The development of PFSAs with high durability and proton transport performance have contributed to the practical use of PEFCs. However, there are still challenges particularly those used in heavy-duty vehicles, such as the need for high chemical durability, proton conductivity at high temperatures, the development of tough and thin membranes, and the design of next-generation ionomers that have high oxygen permeability and low catalyst poisoning. The development of improved PFSAs can help to achieve high-performance and cost-effective PEFCs, contributing to the realization of a sustainable society. Keywords: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell / Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Polymer / Chemical Stability / Radical Quencher / High Temperature Operation / Mechanical Durability / High Oxygen Permeable Ionomer |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| 頼れる合成屋さんになりたい！ Be an Expert in Synthesis |
松村 吉将 Yoshimasa MATSUMURA |
| ＜要旨＞ I didn’t have a dream for my future when I was a child. However, my interest in chemistry led me to pursue graduate studies and become a chemist at the university. I want to continue my research and aim to develop into a reliable specialist in polymer synthesis. That is my dream now. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 光機能性の希土類配位高分子の最新動向 Recent Research Trends on Photo-Functional Lanthanide Coordination Polymers |
長谷川 靖哉 Yasuchika HASEGAWA |
| ＜要旨＞ In recent years, studies on coordination polymers composed of metal ions and organic ligands have been actively pursued. Here, the latest research trends on the photo-functional lanthanide coordination polymers with abilities like “temperature sensors”, “pressure sensors”, and “metal ion and molecule sensors” are introduced. The latest research trends on amorphization and structural phase transition of coordination polymers with rigid structures are also demonstrated. Further studies on the photo-functional lanthanide coordination polymers is expected to open up a new frontier field of future science and technology. Keywords: Coordination Polymer / Lanthanide / Lumienscence / Emission / Sensor |
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