| POLYMERS Vol.60 No.10 |
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COVER STORY
Development and Application of Biopolymer Interfaces |
| COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| Surface Modification to Control Biological Responses | Yusuke ARIMA, Yuji TERAMURA, and Hiroo IWATA |
| <Abstract>
Various medical devices made of artificial materials, such as artificial organs
and catheters for interventional therapy, have been used. In the recent
10 years, collaboration of stem cell science and tissue engineering opened
a new phase in medical treatments, that is, regenerative medicine. Cell-artificial
material and cell-cell interaction determine fates of medical devices
and regenerated living tissue. Knowledge obtained from studies on interactions
between cells and model surfaces made of self-assembled monolayers of
alkanethiols is reviewed in this article. New methods to modify the cell
surface are also introduced. Keywords: Biological Response / Protein / Cell / Alkanethiol / Self-Assembled Monolayer / Regenerative Medicine / Amphiphilic Polymer |
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| Cell Adhesion Behavior on the Phase Separated Biointerface Adsorbed/Nonadsorbed Protein Regulated by Nanoscale | Madoka TAKAI, Takashi SHIBAYAMA, Ji-Hun SEO, and Kazuhiko ISHIHARA |
| <Abstract> Amphipathic block-copolymer and random-copolymer composed with almost same chemical
composition were prepared and cell adhesion behavior on it was investigated.
A large number of cells are adhered on the phase separated surface having
nanometer size domain due to the protein adsorption distribution but
total amount of protein. Keywords: Block Copolymer / Random Copolymer / Microphase Separation / Cell Adhesion / Protein Adsorption |
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| Structure and Function of Glycoconjugates in the Membranes | Toshiaki MORI |
| <Abstract> In
order to elucidate the multivalent interactions between carbohydrates
and proteins, and to prepare glycol arrays, which immobilized on the
solid surface, we succeeded in arraying carbohydrate ligands on the surface
by dispersion utilizing the biotin-avidin interaction. Kinetic analyses
for protein binding was performed with the QCM system. Moreover, we have analyzed the interaction forces between verotoxin, which is a substance responsible for O-157, and Gb3 sugar molecules on a cell surface. The rupture forces were obtained by changing loading rates and we can get an effective bond length, which is an important parameter for an analysis of interaction mechanisms. We have detected single-molecular interaction forces, and we discuss in this article the interaction mechanism in more detail by an analysis of the forces. Keywords: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) / Verotoxin / Gb3 Sugar Molecules / Single Molecular Measurement / Glycosaminoglycan |
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| COVER STORY:Topics and Products |
| Stem Cell Rolling and Their Purification on an Antibody-Immobilized Column | Tetsuji YAMAOKA and Atsushi MAHARA |
| <Abstract> We
have recently developed a novel stem cell separation column on the basis
of cell rolling phenomena widely observed in our body. Mouse mesenchymal
stem cells are rolling on the anti CD34 (or anti CD90) antibody-immobilized
surface at a rolling rate determined by the cell surface CD34 (CD90)
density. With this system, we succeeded to purify stem cells with specific
cell differentiation features. Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cell / Cell Purification / CD34 / CD90 / Cell Differentiation / Cell Rolling |
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| Photoenergy Conversion Materials Based on Restructuring and Assembly of Chloroplasts | Yutaka AMAO |
| <Abstract> In
chloroplasts, the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes of vascular plants
and some green algae are structurally inhomogeneous. Thylakoid membranes
in chloroplasts have two important sites, photosystem I (the oxygen evolving
site based on water photolysis) and II (photoreduction of NADP+ site).
Thus, chloroplast is a candidate for a visible light induced energy conversion
material based on water photolysis. In this paper, photoenergy conversion
materials based on the restructuring and assembly of Chloroplasts are
introduced. Keywords: Artificial Photosynthesis / Photovoltaic Conversion / Chloroplast / Water Oxidation / Biofuel Cell / Oxygen Evolved Complex |
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| Function of Adhesive Bacterionanofiber and Its Application | Katsutoshi HORI |
| <Abstract> Many
kinds of bacteria adhere to solid surfaces through bacterionanofibers
and form biofilms. On the highly adhesive toluene-degrading bacterium
Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5, we found a new proteinaceous nanofiber that
belongs to the trimeric autotransporter adhesin family. Here, its unique
properties are described after reviewing the fundamental mechanisms of
microbial adhesion. Keywords: Biofilm / Adhesion / DLVO Theory / Bacterionanofiber / Adhesin / Autotransporter / Acinetobacter / Microbial Immobilization |
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| 3D-Hybrid Artery Models Prepared by Cell Surface Control Using Nanofilms | Michiya MATSUSAKI and Mitsuru AKASHI |
| <Abstract> Three-dimensional
(3D) analysis of nitric oxide (NO) diffusion in blood vessels in response
to drug stimulation was achieved using 3D-artery models including NO
sensor particles. This method would be useful as in vitro bioassays of
tissue responses instead of animal experiments. Keywords: Artery Models / Biosensors / Nitric Oxide / Layer-by-Layer / Pharmaceutical Assays |
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| Development of Protein Immobilization Method by Use of Polystyrene-Binding Peptide | Yoichi KUMADA |
| <Abstract> In
this study we report the development of a novel protein immobilization
method by the use of affinity peptides that specifically bind to the
surfaces of hydrophilic polystyrene (phi-PS). A PS-tag-fused enzyme and
a single-chain Fv antibody were site-specifically immobilized onto the
surface of a phi-PS plate, while highly maintaining their biological
activities. Keywords: Polystyrene-Binding Peptide / Protein Immobilization / Polystyrene / Antibody / Immunoassay / Single-Chain Fv / Solid-Phase Refolding |
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| Functional Development of Glycolipid Biosurfactants | Tokuma FUKUOKA, Tomotake MORITA, Tomohiro IMURA, Masaru KITAGAWA, and Dai KITAMOTO |
| <Abstract>
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are one of the most promising glycolipid-type
biosurfactants, which are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms
from renewable resources. MELs not only exhibit excellent interfacial
and self-assembling properties but also show versatile biological actions.
MELs should thus be considered novel functional bio-based materials,
and their broader applications in various advanced technologies should
be investigated. Keywords: Biosurfactant / Mannosylerythritol Lipid / Glycolipid / Yeast / Microbial Production / Protein Separation / Functional Moisturizer / Cosmetics |
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| Front-Line Polymer Science |
| Supramolecular Asymmetric Photochirogenesis with Biopolymers as a Chiral Confined Reaction Media | Takehiko WADA |
| <Abstract> Asymmetric
photochemistry provides us with new versatile routes to novel/strained
chiral compounds. Recently, much effort has been devoted to the supramolecular
photochirogenesis, exploiting the chiral environment of natural and synthetic
hosts, such as cyclodextrin, modified zeolite, ds-DNA and protein. Photochirogenesis
with biomolecules is particularly attractive and advantageous in view
of the inherently chiral, finely-defined 3D structures. Keywords: Photochemistry / Asymmetric Synthesis / Supramolecule / Biopolymer / Protein / DNA / Antibody / Supramolecular Asymmetric Photochirogenesis |
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| Copyright(C) 2010 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan All Rights Reserved. |