POLYMERS Vol.60 No.10
>> Chinese >> English >> Japanese >> Korean
COVER STORY
Development and Application of Biopolymer Interfaces
COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews
Surface Modification to Control Biological Responses Yusuke ARIMA, Yuji TERAMURA, and Hiroo IWATA
<Abstract> Various medical devices made of artificial materials, such as artificial organs and catheters for interventional therapy, have been used. In the recent 10 years, collaboration of stem cell science and tissue engineering opened a new phase in medical treatments, that is, regenerative medicine. Cell-artificial material and cell-cell interaction determine fates of medical devices and regenerated living tissue. Knowledge obtained from studies on interactions between cells and model surfaces made of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols is reviewed in this article. New methods to modify the cell surface are also introduced.
Keywords: Biological Response / Protein / Cell / Alkanethiol / Self-Assembled Monolayer / Regenerative Medicine / Amphiphilic Polymer
Top of the Page▲
Cell Adhesion Behavior on the Phase Separated Biointerface Adsorbed/Nonadsorbed Protein Regulated by Nanoscale Madoka TAKAI, Takashi SHIBAYAMA, Ji-Hun SEO, and Kazuhiko ISHIHARA
<Abstract> Amphipathic block-copolymer and random-copolymer composed with almost same chemical composition were prepared and cell adhesion behavior on it was investigated. A large number of cells are adhered on the phase separated surface having nanometer size domain due to the protein adsorption distribution but total amount of protein.
Keywords: Block Copolymer / Random Copolymer / Microphase Separation / Cell Adhesion / Protein Adsorption
Top of the Page▲
Structure and Function of Glycoconjugates in the Membranes Toshiaki MORI
<Abstract> In order to elucidate the multivalent interactions between carbohydrates and proteins, and to prepare glycol arrays, which immobilized on the solid surface, we succeeded in arraying carbohydrate ligands on the surface by dispersion utilizing the biotin-avidin interaction. Kinetic analyses for protein binding was performed with the QCM system.
Moreover, we have analyzed the interaction forces between verotoxin, which is a substance responsible for O-157, and Gb3 sugar molecules on a cell surface. The rupture forces were obtained by changing loading rates and we can get an effective bond length, which is an important parameter for an analysis of interaction mechanisms. We have detected single-molecular interaction forces, and we discuss in this article the interaction mechanism in more detail by an analysis of the forces.
Keywords: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) / Verotoxin / Gb3 Sugar Molecules / Single Molecular Measurement / Glycosaminoglycan
Top of the Page▲
COVER STORY:Topics and Products
Stem Cell Rolling and Their Purification on an Antibody-Immobilized Column Tetsuji YAMAOKA and Atsushi MAHARA
<Abstract> We have recently developed a novel stem cell separation column on the basis of cell rolling phenomena widely observed in our body. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells are rolling on the anti CD34 (or anti CD90) antibody-immobilized surface at a rolling rate determined by the cell surface CD34 (CD90) density. With this system, we succeeded to purify stem cells with specific cell differentiation features.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cell / Cell Purification / CD34 / CD90 / Cell Differentiation / Cell Rolling
Top of the Page▲
Photoenergy Conversion Materials Based on Restructuring and Assembly of Chloroplasts Yutaka AMAO
<Abstract> In chloroplasts, the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes of vascular plants and some green algae are structurally inhomogeneous. Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts have two important sites, photosystem I (the oxygen evolving site based on water photolysis) and II (photoreduction of NADP+ site). Thus, chloroplast is a candidate for a visible light induced energy conversion material based on water photolysis. In this paper, photoenergy conversion materials based on the restructuring and assembly of Chloroplasts are introduced.
Keywords: Artificial Photosynthesis / Photovoltaic Conversion / Chloroplast / Water Oxidation / Biofuel Cell / Oxygen Evolved Complex
Top of the Page▲
Function of Adhesive Bacterionanofiber and Its Application Katsutoshi HORI
<Abstract> Many kinds of bacteria adhere to solid surfaces through bacterionanofibers and form biofilms. On the highly adhesive toluene-degrading bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5, we found a new proteinaceous nanofiber that belongs to the trimeric autotransporter adhesin family. Here, its unique properties are described after reviewing the fundamental mechanisms of microbial adhesion.
Keywords: Biofilm / Adhesion / DLVO Theory / Bacterionanofiber / Adhesin / Autotransporter / Acinetobacter / Microbial Immobilization
Top of the Page▲
3D-Hybrid Artery Models Prepared by Cell Surface Control Using Nanofilms Michiya MATSUSAKI and Mitsuru AKASHI
<Abstract> Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of nitric oxide (NO) diffusion in blood vessels in response to drug stimulation was achieved using 3D-artery models including NO sensor particles. This method would be useful as in vitro bioassays of tissue responses instead of animal experiments.
Keywords: Artery Models / Biosensors / Nitric Oxide / Layer-by-Layer / Pharmaceutical Assays
Top of the Page▲
Development of Protein Immobilization Method by Use of Polystyrene-Binding Peptide Yoichi KUMADA
<Abstract> In this study we report the development of a novel protein immobilization method by the use of affinity peptides that specifically bind to the surfaces of hydrophilic polystyrene (phi-PS). A PS-tag-fused enzyme and a single-chain Fv antibody were site-specifically immobilized onto the surface of a phi-PS plate, while highly maintaining their biological activities.
Keywords: Polystyrene-Binding Peptide / Protein Immobilization / Polystyrene / Antibody / Immunoassay / Single-Chain Fv / Solid-Phase Refolding
Top of the Page▲
Functional Development of Glycolipid Biosurfactants Tokuma FUKUOKA, Tomotake MORITA, Tomohiro IMURA, Masaru KITAGAWA, and Dai KITAMOTO
<Abstract> Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are one of the most promising glycolipid-type biosurfactants, which are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms from renewable resources. MELs not only exhibit excellent interfacial and self-assembling properties but also show versatile biological actions. MELs should thus be considered novel functional bio-based materials, and their broader applications in various advanced technologies should be investigated.
Keywords: Biosurfactant / Mannosylerythritol Lipid / Glycolipid / Yeast / Microbial Production / Protein Separation / Functional Moisturizer / Cosmetics
Top of the Page▲
Front-Line Polymer Science
Supramolecular Asymmetric Photochirogenesis with Biopolymers as a Chiral Confined Reaction Media Takehiko WADA
<Abstract> Asymmetric photochemistry provides us with new versatile routes to novel/strained chiral compounds. Recently, much effort has been devoted to the supramolecular photochirogenesis, exploiting the chiral environment of natural and synthetic hosts, such as cyclodextrin, modified zeolite, ds-DNA and protein. Photochirogenesis with biomolecules is particularly attractive and advantageous in view of the inherently chiral, finely-defined 3D structures.
Keywords: Photochemistry / Asymmetric Synthesis / Supramolecule / Biopolymer / Protein / DNA / Antibody / Supramolecular Asymmetric Photochirogenesis
Top of the Page▲