高分子　Vol.62　No.6
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特集
分子成像与高分子
展望
超声波治疗诊断技术 丸山一雄
<Abstract> 治疗诊断技术(theranostics)是therapeutics(治疗)和diagnostics(诊断)的英文缩写.封入超声波造影气体的泡泡脂质体作为一种超声波治疗诊断制剂倍受人们关注.
Keywords: Ultrasound / Theranostics / Micro Bubble / Liposome / DDS / Gene Delivery
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使用两亲性嵌段共聚物的肿瘤可视化技术 三木康嗣
<Abstract> 由两亲性嵌段共聚物形成的自组装体具有良好的肿瘤聚集性,因此它作为一种肿瘤造影剂的母体而倍受人们关注.设计和构筑造影剂分子独特特性的自组装体,可使造影剂的性能显著提高,并可实现高分辨率的肿瘤可视化.本文概述了高性能高分子造影剂的最新开发案例.
Keywords: Tumor Imaging / Contrast Agent / Polymeric Self-Assembly / Amphiphilic Block Copolymer
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利用动态自组装纳米微粒的蛋白质活性检测与成像 高冈洋辅,滨地 格
<Abstract> 细胞和生物体内有各种蛋白质存在.近年来能检测这些蛋白质的动态变化的自组装纳米材料的研究倍受人们关注.本文介绍了用纳米材料检测蛋白质结构和活性的最新研究案例.
Keywords: Protein / 19F-NMR/MRI / Fluorescence / Imaging / Nanoparticle / Supramolecular Chemistry
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话题
使用适体传感器的化学递质成像研究 山东信介
<Abstract> Nucleic acid aptamer is a functional biopolymer that can bind to target molecules. Because of high affinity and specificity to targets in water, there has been an attention on application of aptamers to biosensors. However, cellular application has been very limited. We have applied fluorescent aptamer sensors for molecular imaging of chemical transmitters, especially those working in brain. The fluorescent aptamer sensor, which was anchored in live cell surfaces, functioned as a biosensor for fluorescence imaging of chemical molecules at the cell surface. By using the cell-surface anchored fluorescent aptamer sensor, we achieved a real-time imaging of chemical transmitter dynamics released from rat astrocyte cells. This approach could expand the research field of aptamer biosensors.
Keywords: Fluorescence Imaging / Chemical Sensor / Chemical Transmitter / Aptamer / Cell Surface
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高分子MRI造影剂的开发研究 唐泽 悟，古贺 登
<Abstract> We report herein our approaches using macromolecules and assemblies carrying metal and organic spins as magnetic resonance image (MRI) contrast agents. Core-shell type hyperbranched polymers carrying manganese complexes (HPS200-8-MnDO3A-DEA), and lipophilic urenylbenzene derivatives (EgnCmU-TEMPO) and DNA oligomers incorporated stable organic radical, TEMPO, were prepared as macromolecular MRI contrast agents. A HPS polymer, HPS200-8-MnDO3A-DEA, was evaluated by in vivo MRI measurement and revealed to function as an MRI agent. EgnCmU-TEMPO derivatives having PEG and alkyl chains exhibited LCST phenomena in water and were found to have the relaxivity in response to heat and pH. Furthermore, TEMPO-DNA micelle locating TEMPO near a core of micelle was found to have the relaxivity higher than that for GdDOTA at 42 MHz and 1.0 T.
Keywords: MRI Contrast Agents / Maclomolecules / Manganese / TEMPO / Organic Spin / Relaxivity
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使用纳米囊包“PICsomes”的生物成像与纳米生理学中的应用研究 岸村显广
<Abstract> To gain more insights of structural and physicochemical features of sick parts in our body, we need to investigate our body from the nanoscopic viewpoint. Some appropriate tools are required for this purpose, or nano-physiology, particularly to visualize the affected part at the nanoscopic level. Recently, we have developed polyion complex vesicles “PICsomes” mainly based on the electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged block copolymers. Remarkable features of PICsomes were demonstrated, such as unilamellar structure with uniform thickness, tunable size over the range of 100-400 nm, easy loading of water-dispersible materials, semi-permeability, excellent blood circulation in mice, and so on. Detailed biodistribution of PICsomes with different sizes was examined in tumor-bearing mice. Critical size of nanocarriers (～150 nm) discriminating the permeability into normal and tumor tissues was determined by the use of long-circulating PICsomes as a ruler. This result clearly shows potential utility of PICsomes in the filed of “nano-physiology”, considering the compatibility of PICsomes with various bioimaging probes.
Keywords: Drug Delivery System / Block Copolymers / Vesicles / Polyion Complexes / Bioimaging / Nano-Physiology
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利用PEG修饰树状大分子的X射线CT，MRI研究 儿岛千惠
<Abstract> There are a lot of imaging techniques such as X-ray CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Imaging agents with small molecular weight are rapidly excluded from the body, whereas macromolecular imaging agents are more useful. Dendrimers are synthetic globular macromolecules with well-defined structure, multiple terminal groups and inner space. Additionally, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification to dendrimers is indispensable for biomedical applications. In this paper, X-ray CT imaging and MRI based on PEGylated dendrimers are shown. First, we prepared gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-loaded PEGylated dendrimers for X-ray CT imaging. Interestingly, Au NP has photo-thermogenic property, which is applicable to photothermal therapy. Thus, Au NP-loaded PEGylated dendrimers are useful in both, therapy and diagnosis, named theragnosis. Next, we prepared Gd-chelate-conjugated PEGylated dendrimers. This dendrimer shows higher MR signals than the chelate itself. Blood pool and heart were enhanced by the Gd-chelate-conjugated PEGylated dendrimer. Because some imaging probes can be attached to the dendrimers, dendrimers are potent multimodal imaging agents.
Keywords: Dendrimer / PEGylation / X-Ray CT / MRI / In Vivo Imaging
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高分子科学与我：个人独白
偶尔也可以一意孤行而为之 矢贝史树
<Abstract> 本文介绍了我的研究生活中所经历的一些经验，我的研究课题是利用小型有机催化剂来模拟酶功能的研究开始的。我与我的印度学生一起工作和生活过两个月，其间我悟到了很多事，其中一个重要的启示就是如果我们当时轻易放弃了我们的目标，那后来的成果发现有可能抛弃了我们。
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高分子科学最新进展
天然橡胶的纳米矩阵结构与物性 河原成元
<Abstract> 在天然橡胶中除去所有的蛋白质，天然橡胶中将形成作为主要成分的分散胶体和次要成分组成的纳米矩阵结构。通过FIB-SEM和TEMT观测发现矩阵中有独特的纳米相分离结构存在。这种纳米矩阵结构的形成显著地提高了其机械性能和质子导电性能。根据这些结果可知，在天然橡胶中如蛋白质和磷脂等非橡胶组分以纳米矩阵形式存在，而天然橡胶以平均直径约1μm的微粒形态分散存在。结果表明天然橡胶中的纳米矩阵结构对其优异的机械性能发挥着极其重要的作用。本文中我们还介绍了一些天然橡胶和无机填料的复合物的应用研究成果。
Keywords: Natural Rubber / Nanomatrix Structure / Nanomatrix / Proteins / Phospholipids / Latex / Terminal Units / Graft-Copolymerization
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