| POLYMERS Vol.62 No.11 |
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特集
以最新可视化技术探索的高分子世界 |
| 展望 |
| 单个DNA分子难道是弯弯曲曲的复杂结构吗? | 谷口正辉 |
| <Abstract>
蛋白质的结构是药物研究的基础,要获取其详细结构,必须对其结晶结构进行解析.而不要进行晶化处理,对其单个分子直接进行结构解析的技术对药物研究领域带来革命性的影响.现在这种溶液中的单个分子的结构解析技术是通过纳米孔径来实现的.本文介绍了这种技术在DNA单个分子解析中的研究. Keywords: Single Molecules / Nanopores / Ionic Currents |
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| 断层成像技术的最新进展之一:观测高分子的次微结构 | 阵内浩司 |
| <Abstract>
最近与分子材料评价解析相关的一系列显微镜技术研究非常引人注目.本文举了电子线断层成像技术在高分子次微结构(几百个纳米级别)的立体三维可视化研究中的应用的例子,对其技术的最新进展进行了介绍. Keywords: Electron Tomography / Scanning Electron Microscopy / Meso-Scale Structural Observations / Three-Dimensional Image Analysis |
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| 量子束在高分子复合材料结构解析中应用的新进展 | 岸本浩通 |
| <Abstract>
高分子复合材料一般在很宽的时间空间轴中形成层次结构并显示出其独特的功能的.人们认为量子束的应用会给高功能材料开发带来很多新的契机.本文介绍了量子束在高分子复合材料开发中的应用,并对其在时空间中的结构解析中的应用进行了介绍. Keywords: Synchrotron Radiation / SAXS / X-ray Imaging / XPCS / Dynamics / Polymer Composite |
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| 话题 |
| 聚合物单个分子竟可以这样成像! | 蓧原健一 |
| <Abstract>
Direct observation of a polymer chain deepens the understanding about structure and the function. We succeeded in direct observation of the long-chain branch (LCB) structure in a low density polyethylene (LDPE). The sample is LDPE synthesized by the tubular process or the vessel process. The number, the length and the position of LCB were measured directly by an AFM in an organic solvent at room temperature. Single-molecules imaging of micro-Brownian movement in a chiral helical polymer was achieved by a fast-scanning AFM at room temperature. We measured the diffusion coefficient at each part in the polymer chain. It was estimated that this macromolecular motion was a dynamic multiple interactions and the Brownian movement at a solid/liquid interface, and based on the enthalpy entropy compensation. Furthermore, the macromolecular motor function was observed by a fast-scanning AFM. A molecule, which adsorbed to a chiral helical polymer having cholesteryl group [(-)-poly(ChOCPA)], was transported along the chain. This molecular transportation passed to long distances more than 100-nm and it was observed for long time that was more than four minutes. Keywords: Single-Molecules Imaging / Polymer Chain / Brownian Movement / Enthalpy Entropy Compensation / Polyolefine / Chiral Helix / Macromolecular Machine / Molecular Motor |
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| 可视化三维立体相分离结构的X线位相CT | 百生 敦 |
| <Abstract> Conventional X-ray imaging techniques that rely on absorption contrast are not usable effectively for polymer samples, which consist of low-Z elements with low X-ray absorbance. This problem can be overcome by using X-ray phase contrast. X-ray phase tomography is realized based on the phase-contrast techniques for highly sensitive three-dimensional polymer observation. Applications of X-ray phase tomography to polymer blend samples are demonstrated to reveal phase-separation structures, allowing quantitative analyses. Note that X-ray phase tomography is possible not only with synchrotron radiation but also with a laboratory X-ray source. In combination with an X-ray imaging microscpe, a spatial resolution of a micron has been achieved in three dimensions. In order to approach a time resolution of a second, X-ray phase tomography with white synchrotron radiation is also being developed; that is, four-dimentional phase tomography. Keywords: X-ray Interferometry / Phase Contrast / Tomography / CT / Polymer Blend / Phase Separation |
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| 通过衍射方法对薄膜进行观测评价的技术 | 横山英明 |
| <Abstract> Polymer thin film has been widely used for a variety of applications. However, observing the structure of thin films supported on substrates is still challenging. Recently Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) emerged as an ideal tool to observe such thin film structures. However, GISAXS has to deal with complicated phenomena including transmission, refraction, and reflection in addition to scattering. Here, a brief and qualitative guide of GISAXS will be given primarily for novice and non- users of GISAXS. Keywords: Scattering / GISAXS / Reflection / Refraction / Transmission / X-ray / Thin Films |
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| 目视光刻图案形成过程 | 井谷俊郎 |
| <Abstract> Semiconductor down-scaling is reaching target pattern resolution sizes comparable to the polymer components of resist chemistry. For this reason, a re-thinking of present resist material and process concepts is crucial in meeting such stringent targets. To effectively do this, further fundamental research is necessary. One such fundamental point of interest is the understanding of photoresist dissolution during the development process. This article introduces the application of a high speed atomic force microscope optimized for the in situ characterization of the resist pattern formation process during development. Keywords: Lithography / Resist / Process / Dissolution / Atomic Force Microscopy |
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| 国内首创 “共用”氦离子显微镜为何物? | 大西桂子 |
| <Abstract> A Scanning helium ion microscope (SHIM) is a piece of equipment, which is suited to observe the surface morphology and chemistry on the nanometer scale. The SHIM has a good operability like a standard scanning electron microscope, as well as superior spatial resolution of several-score-times, high material contrast and depth-of-focus. Since insulating materials can be observed without coating, the SHIM can be a powerful tool for nano characterisation of insulating polymeric materials. Since the SHIM is a shared research equipment of the NIMS microstructural characterization platform, it can be used at a relatively low cost with a simple application procedure. Please feel free to make contact and consult with us. Keywords: Ion Microscope / Surface Morphology / High Spatial Resolution / Insulator Observation / Shared Research Equipment |
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| 在多次成功与失败的经历中 | 松尾 彰 |
| <Abstract> This personal account reviews my experiences as a chemical researcher. To make a breakthrough, it is important to continue a process of trial and error without fear of mistake. |
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| 高分子科学最新进展 |
| 对由下而上表面聚合的展望 | 坂口浩司 |
| <Abstract> Surface-assisted polymerization is a botton-up method to produce functional materials such as conjugated polymers on metal surface from molecular building blocks. By the use of this method, novel conjugated polymers with one and two dimensionally extended π-conjugation, which are applicable to the various fields such as electronics, photonics and energy sector, could be epitaxially grown along the lattice of metal as a template due to its strong interaction with molecules. This review describes the introduction of related researches reported so far and the future perspective of this approach from the view point of surface science and material science. Keywords: Bottom-up / Surface Assisted Polymerization / Conjugated Polymers |
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