| 高分子 Vol.63 No.10 |
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特集
大分子的重新编程 |
| 展望 |
| 功能性大环状多肽的翻译合成与RaPID探索 | 菅 裕明, 吉富 徹, 长野正展 |
| <Abstract> 我们开发了一种新的RaPID系统,通过这种技术我们可以从包含非蛋白质性氨基酸的超出一兆种以上的多肽中迅速地探索出与标靶蛋白质以高选择性的方式进行结合的功能性多肽. 本文介绍了这一RaPID系统,以及使用其技术发现的新型功能性大环状多肽的研究例子. Keywords: Genetic Code Reprogramming / Flexizyme / Aminoacylation Ribozymes / Rebosomal Translation / Macrocyclic Polypeptide / FIT System / Nonnatural Amino Acids / RaPID System |
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| 聚烯烃聚合物中的聚合单体排列控制 | 佐藤浩太郎, 上垣外正己 |
| <Abstract> 聚合反应中的聚合单体排列控制技术使合成高分子不再是一种单纯的本体材料,因其高级结构我们可以期待其作为一个大分子具有更多更丰富的新功能. 尤其是聚烯烃聚合物中的单体排列的控制是一个极其困难的课题,但随着聚合技术的发展,有多种共聚及组成的控制方法被研究者们提出来. 本文介绍了以自由基聚合为中心的聚合单体的排列控制技术的最新进展. Keywords: Monomer Sequnece / Living Polymerization / Radical Polymerization / Vinyl Polymer / Copolymerization / Atom Transfer Radical Addition / Alternating Copolymerization / Metathesis Polymerization |
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| 核酸配体的重新编程: 适配体 | 池袋一典, SAVORY 那沙, 阿部公一 |
| <Abstract> 适配体作为一种替代抗体的新型分子识别体而倍受关注. 其分子识别功能是基于它的一次分子结构, 通过低（聚）核苷酸的改良或优化,可以获取标靶高功能适配体. 本文论述了关于适配体的低（聚）核苷酸改良与优化相关的最新进展,排列与功能的相关性及今后的展望. Keywords: Aptamers / Genetic Algorithms / In Silico Maturation / Sequence Optimization |
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| 话题 |
| 遗传密码与蛋白质功能的扩展 | 芳坂贵弘 |
| <Abstract> We have developed a method for site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins through expansion of the genetic code. To encode non-natural amino acids, we have used a four-base codon CGGG which can be successfully decoded into non-natural amino acids by using chemically aminoacylated transfer RNA in a cell-free translation system. This method has been utilized to introduce various non-natural amino acids carrying photo-responsive, fluorescent, and polymer molecules. We have achieved the detection of ligand- or antigen-binding as fluorescence or FRET changes by introducing fluorescent non-natural amino acids into ligand-binding proteins and single-chain antibodies in a site-specific manner. The non-natural amino acid technique will be useful not only for artificial protein design but for polymer reprogramming. Keywords: Protein / Genetic Code / Non-natural amino acid / Cell-free Translation / Fluorescence / FRET / Antibody |
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| 通过双足步行式模板完成的聚烯烃聚合物的程序控制 | 大内 诚 |
| <Abstract> Toward syntheses of sequence-controlled vinyl polymers, a set of orthogonal dynamic covalent bonds, i.e., N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester and 2-pyridil disulfide (SS-pyridine), were introduced as linkers between an initiator and a vinyl monomer for living radical polymerization. The sepcial linkers allowed iterative cycles consisting of single monomer addition, cleavage and functionalization, and reinstallation of vinyl groups under a bipedal walking template mechanism. The cycle was successfully repeated twice to demonstrate the adequacy of this protocol toward sequence regulation. Keywords: Sequence / Vinyl Polymer / Living Radical Polymerization / Template / Orthogonal / Cyclization / Cleavage / Dynamic Covalent Bond |
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| 通过信息学分析进行的功能性肽的设计 | 本多裕之 |
| <Abstract> Peptides have attracted attention for their variety of biological functions. Computationally-assisted peptide screening and design have become invaluable tools in overcoming the inefficiency of peptide screening because there are too huge variants of peptides. Correlation between amino acid sequence and peptide function should be revealed by the computational approach. In this column, screening and design of both bile acid binding peptide and cell adhesion peptide will be introduced. The sequence rule was successfully acquired by computational analysis. Peptides designed according to the rule were found to express an active function. Keywords: Peptide / Informatics / Amino Acid Sequence / Biological Function |
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| 聚合物适配体制备中的共聚技术陈列的应用 | 星野 友 |
| <Abstract> Synthetic polymer aptamers are expected as robust and inexpensive substitute for biomacromolecular ligands. However, in contrast to biomacromolecular ligands, synthetic polymers, which are prepared through one-pot chain reaction, result in heterogeneous sequences and structures with a distribution of recognition sites. To obtain polymer aptamers with strong and specific binding affinity to target molecules, strategies to design and produce polymer aptamers with defined structure have to be developed. This article provides a brief review about recent efforts to develop the polymer aptamers consisting of combination of functional acrylamides. Keywords: Aptamer / Acrylamide / Molecular Recognition / Multifunctional Polymer |
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| 导入非天然分子的核酸适配体的创制 | 桑原正靖 |
| <Abstract> Chemically modified nucleic acid aptamers have recently attracted attention due to the potential expandability of functions as therapeutic drugs, diagnostic agents, and biosensors. The author is engaged in enzymatic syntheses of modified nucleic acids and their applications to SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) methods to create modified nucleic acid aptamers. To date, the author and coworkers have successfully obtained modified DNA aptamers specific for R-thalidomide derivative, l-glutamic acid, and a camptothecin derivative from base-modified DNA libraries. Furthermore, 2’,4’-BNA/LNA aptamers have first been acquired from DNA-based 2’,4’-BNA/LNA library using a capillary electrophoresis (CE)-SELEX method. Recent studies on nucleic acid aptamer development indicate positive effects on the introduction of functionalities in binding affinity and specificity. Further improvements of polymerase variants and selection methodologies will provide various modified nucleic acid aptamers for practical use. Keywords: Aptamer / Polymerase Variant / Nucleoside Triphosphate / Capillary Electrophoresis / SELEX |
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| 高分子科学与我:个人独白 |
| 还处于成长期吗? | 樫田 启 |
| <Abstract> Nucleic acids are often recognized as homogeneous polymers and the creation of functional base-pairs is one of my passions. This personal account describes my reseach life on nucleic acids that is guided by warm-hearted supervisors and students. |
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| 高分子科学最新进展 |
| 单个高分子链力学特性测试的过去现在与未来 | 中嶋 健, 梁 晓斌 |
| <Abstract> Past, present and future of single polymer chain mechanics based on atomic force microscopy were reviewed, which is generally called as single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). Static SMFS can provide information such as persistent length and contour length appearing in a worm-like chain model. Thiol-terminated Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was used as an example study and its behavior change near its LCST was investigated. The temperature dependence of the plateau force at the low-extension region agreed well with the prediction by the pearl-necklace model developed by Prof. F. Tanaka. Two types of dynamic SMFS methods were also reviewed. The first noise-analysis SMFS may need future instrumental improvement. The second forced-oscillation SMFS measurements have resulted in a lot of interesting insights. As an example, the relaxation time of the polystyrene chain in N,N-dimethylformamide was measured and its dependence on the degree of polymerization was investigated. The Kirkwood model reproduced well the experimental results, while the necessity for a new concept of effective viscosity is proposed. Keywords: Single Polymer Chain / Atomic Force Microscopy / Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy / Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) / Relaxation Time / Kirkwood Model |
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