| 高分子 Vol.72 No.7 |
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特集 アフターコロナを生きる高分子
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| 展望 COVER STORY: Highlight Reviews |
| シングルウイルス検知技術が拓く感染症検査の未来 Single-Virus Detection Technologies Pave The Way to The Future of Infectious Disease Testing |
谷口 正輝 Masateru TANIGUCHI |
| ＜要旨＞ 臨床現場で使われている新型コロナウイルス検査法の原理と課題を概観し、新たに開発されたシングルウイルス検知技術による検査法の原理と現状を紹介する。新たなウイルスによる新興感染症の世界流行が、光計測から電気計測、多数計測からシングル計測への転換を生み出した。デジタルプラットフォーム化する感染症検査の未来展望を述べる。 Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 / Virus / Testing Method / Single Molecule / FET / AI / Nanopore |
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| 自然にまなぶ抗菌・抗ウィルス高分子 Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial and Antiviral Polymers |
安原 主馬 Kazuma YASUHARA |
| ＜要旨＞ COVID-19は、全世界の人類を混乱に陥れるパンデミックを引き起こした。また、薬剤耐性菌がもたらす感染症も拡大しており、感染抑制・予防衛生に貢献する高分子が求められている。ここでは、高分子科学のアプローチから新興感染症に立ち向かう武器となる、抗菌・抗ウィルス活性を示すペプチドや合成高分子の開発について紹介する。 Keywords: Antimicrobial Polymer / Antiviral Polymer / Peptide / Amphiphilic Polymer / COVID-19 / Biomimetics / Cell Mebrane / Infection |
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| トピックス COVER STORY: Topics and Products |
| 新興ウイルスの構造研究 Structural Studies on Emerging Viruses |
杉田 征彦 Yukihiko SUGITA |
| ＜要旨＞ For many years, the morphology and molecular architecture of viral particles, obtained via electron microscopy and other visualization techniques, have been utilized for pathological diagnosis of infected individuals as well as identification, nomenclature, and classification of novel pathogenic viruses. Furthermore, technological advancements in cryo-electron microscopy during the past decade have elucidated detailed three-dimensional structures of diverse biomolecules, including viruses, under physiological conditions. In this paper, I concisely present our research on the structures on viruses causing emerging infectious diseases. Keywords: Emerging Viral Disease / Filovirus / Corona Virus / Structural Biology / Cryo-Electron Microscopy |
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| 抗ウイルスコーティングの技術開発 Development of Antivirus Coating |
山田 陽一・上田 剛慈・後藤 拓・明渡 純 Yoichi YAMADA, Takeji UEDA, Taku GOTO, Jun AKEDO |
| ＜要旨＞ It is important to continue to develop effective infection control measures that are appropriate for their intended use. We have focused on contact infection via surfaces touched by hands, such as handrails and doorknobs, and developed antiviral coatings. New antivirus coating can be applied to various surfaces and has a lasting effect. It was prepared by filling a porous ceramic coating prepared by the aerosol deposition (AD) method with chlorhexidine, which has antiviral properties. The coating showed over 99.997% of Influenzae A virus inactivation after 24 hours and 99.994% of that after 2 hours by using ISO21072. The antiviral coating showed sustained effectiveness after immersing in water and better retention of chlorhexidine in cleaning experiments using ultrasound. Keywords: Anti-Virus / Coating / Disinfectant / Chlorhexidine / Ceramic / Aerosol Deposition / Porous |
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| コロナ禍前後のマスクの技術動向 Technical Trends of Face Masks Before and After COVID-19 |
渡邊 圭 Kei WATANABE |
| ＜要旨＞ Three years into the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks has become a routine in everyday life. Masks have protected us; however, new challenges have emerged - such as the stress of wearing masks for a long period of time and wearing them in hot and humid environments. Hence, comfortable use of such protective masks is in demand in recent days. Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics produced via the melt-blown process are common were the common filter material is used in the masks. However, we developed a suitable nanofiber material and applied it as a nonwoven fabric filter in the productive masks. Nanofiber masks not only achieved high collection efficiency and low-pressure loss for fine particles, but also positively controls the thickness and weight of the product, which is not evaluated by the mask standard, and it makes the nanofiber mask a promising material of having the qualities of both safety and comfort. Keywords: Nanofibers / Nonwovens / Electrospinning / Filters / Face Masks |
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| AI時代の化学教育：Post-COVIDの教育・学習を再創造する Chemical Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligece – Reimagining Post-COVID Teaching and Learning |
杉森 公一 Kimikazu SUGIMORI |
| ＜要旨＞ Since 2020, the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 infections has shaken the education and research environment. We may have experienced emergency responses to remote instruction, online access to academic conferences, etc., and realized new possibilities for university education in the age of Artificial Inteligence （AI） and digital. The emergence of Generative AI, represented by “ChatGPT,” has further impacted university education. What methods can be adopted to nurture students not only as experts but also as creators through a shift to experiential education in university chemical education and experiential education （Co-Op education） that alternates classroom learning with learning in professional workplaces. Keywords: AI / ROBOT-PROOF / Data Literacy |
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| グローイングポリマー Polymer Science and I: A Personal Account |
| なるようになる From Undreamed toward Understood |
高橋 倫太郎 Rintaro TAKAHASHI |
| ＜要旨＞ I am currently engaged in the enjoyable pursuit of investigating the physical properties of polymer solutions through primarily small-angle X-ray scattering, which was previously unimaginable during my undergraduate studies. This composition succinctly describes the circumstances that led up to this. |
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| 高分子科学最近の進歩 Front-Line Polymer Science |
| 強誘電ネマチック液晶の発見から進展～最先端応用技術まで Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals: Discovery, Development and Cutting-Edge Technologies |
西川 浩矢・荒岡 史人 Hiroya NISHIKAWA, Fumito ARAOKA |
| ＜要旨＞ Nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) have true three-dimensional fluidity because they possess only orientational but no positional order. Their excellent electro-optic property made the LC flat-panel display technology possible and led the revolution of portable computing from the end of the 20th century to the 21st century. In sharp contrast, a new class matter state, ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal (NFLC), in which the local nematic director is non-degenerated (n≠－n), has just emerged and became of great fundamental and practical interest thanks to its exceptional large polarization behavior, i.e. giant dielectric permittivity (measureed as ＞10,000), large polarization density (＞4 μC/cm2), high non-linear optical properties as well as its high fluidity. These excellent performances may offer unprecedented applications challenge. The new paradigm shift in LC-materials research is clearly emerging. In this review, we briefly review the latest researches over NFLCs, including the state-of-the-art applications. Keywords: Liquid Crystal / Ferroelectric Nematic / Dielectric Permittivity / Polarization / NLO / Capacitor / Actuator |
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